Project Scope and Charter Essay

The first phase of any project is the initiation phase. This phase commences when some type of business issue or opportunity is identified bringing about a proposal project to solve or address the issue or opportunity. The main deliverable of this phase is the project charter, which contains a broad view of what the project is about, who is involved, why the project is being conducted and how & when the project will be carried out. (Hughes Lecture, 2013) Once the charter is approved the project can move into the planning phase, which is where the charter is used to identify the scope of the project. This paper will examine the relationship between project scope and charter and highlight the benefits of each. Project Charter The project charter is a short document that serves as an informal contract between the project team and the sponsor of the project. (Kloppenberg, 2012, pg 84) This document contains only enough detail to get the project approved so it can move into the planning phase. Project Management Professional, Ritchie Hughes describes the charter as a representation of the â€Å"view from 3000 meters†. The project charter is usually drawn up by the Project Manager and team, or, in instances where a Project Manager has not yet been assigned, the project sponsor will complete the charter. Hughes explains that the functions of the â€Å"why† section of the charter are to ensure: the correct individuals will be consulted (e.g. stakeholders and governance), projects that are linked or dependent on the project in question are identified, the organization has enough resources (internally or externally) to complete the project, a business case for the organization is conveyed and that all the information is provided to support the executive team. (Hughes Lecture, 2013) Approval of the charter grants authority to the project manager to go through with the project and utilize the allotted budget or resources for the project activity. As the charter approval is the â€Å"Go/No Go† decision for the project, a non-approval means termination of the project. (Hughes Lecture, 2013) Scope Approval of the project charter signifies the transition into the planning phase of the project. A critical part of the planning phase is identifying the scope of the project. Project scope is defined as â€Å"the work that must be performed to deliver a product, service, or result with the specified features and functions.† (Kloppenberg, 2012, pg. 142) Ritchie Hughes explained that scope can also mean â€Å"the sum of products, services and results to be provided as a project.† The benefits of scope are that the work to be performed is clarified, listed and any work not to be completed (outside the project’s scope) is identified. Scope is also a useful tool in managing expectations and avoiding assumptions among stakeholders and the project team. (Hughes Lecture, 2013) Scope Creep A common issue when managing a project’s scope is dealing with scope creep. Scope creep can be defined as â€Å"the extra deliverables that can creep into a project.† (Collegiate Projects, 2013, pg. 1) These â€Å"project improvements† can be very hard to avoid but may have a major effect on the project’s budget, timing or quality. Projects that may be susceptible to scope creep should have a scope change management plan that contains: a definition of scope change for the project, a process for submitting and reviewing scope changes, documentation needed for the change process and a tool to track change requests and their resolutions. (Collegiate Projects, 2013, pg. 2,3) An understanding by both parties (project team and sponsor) of scope creep and its effects on the project, and an organized management plan will help avoid scope creep that may negatively affect the project’s success. Conclusion In the early stages of project management, two very important aspects are the project charter and scope of the project. Not all projects need a charter but understanding and managing the scope of a project will help the project team effectively complete the project in time and budget without â€Å"Gold Plating†. References Kloppenborg, T. J. (2012). Contemporary project management: organize, plan, perform (2nd ed.). Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning. (2013). Managing Scope Creep. Collegiate Project Services, 1, 1-3. Hughes, R. (Director) (2013, January 31). Project Initiation: Scope & Charters. Bus 427. Lecture conducted from Tom Rippon, Victoria.

Henry James referred to TTOTS as a potboiler Essay

Henry James referred to ‘TTOTS’ as a potboiler. In light of this comment, explore the establishment of a simple ghost story in the prologue and first five chapters. Henry James stated that ‘TTOTS’ was a potboiler, meant only to be perceived as a simple ghost story which in the Victorian era was how it was originally accepted. However a more modern audience ay interpret the novella as something more. Relating back to the idea of a simple ghost story, the novella starts with a typical ghost story setting – ‘The story had held us, round the fire’ emphasised by the description of the house being ‘gruesome’ and it being ‘Christmas Eve’ informing us that it is night time. All are contributing factors to an ideal ghost story and all of these points start to build the tension and suspense up already within the first few lines. ‘Held us, round the fire’ tells us how they are clinging to this materialistic substance for comfort and warmth, typical connotations of fire. Use of language such as ‘dreadful’ and ‘terror’ increases this sense of a greater impending ghost story – that of which we hear about the Governess. Moreover this sets the mood and creates the atmosphere for the audience to fully appreciate the ‘horror’ of this ghost story. In addition, the idea of them telling ghost stories gives us an immediate impression that there is a ghost story awaiting the audience. The use of more dramatic language such as ‘for sheer terror?’ and ‘for dreadful – dreadfulness’ start the steep incline of suspense and tension we will feel throughout the story. The idea of authenticity throughout this novella is key for the audience to focus on. To increase this idea of the story being real, James uses a framed narrative to draw the reader in to believe that the tale is true. Overall the story could succeed without the prologue but with it, the audience is a lot more likely to proceed through the book with an idea or reality. The main character in the prologue, Douglas, tells the unnamed narrator and the rest of the group of a ghost story much worse than any that have been told. ‘If the child gives the effect of another turn of the screw, what do you say to two children – ?’ Obviously hinting that his tale contains two children, increasing the horror the audience are now sure that they are reading a simple ghost story. However this idea can be argued as we continue throughout the prologue and the first chapter. We learn that about the Governess, moreover, we learn Douglas’ opinion of her. ‘Is in old faded ink and in the most beautiful hand’. From this we can interpret that Douglas’ may be fond or possibly in love with the Governess making his opinion biased thus taking away from the reliability of the story. The use of characters in the prologue almost acts as a metaphor for the reader. ‘Everybody will stay!’ and ‘I will – and I will!’ could be used to represent how James wants the reader to react to reading the actual ghost story. Straight away in the first chapter we learn about how the governess suffered ‘a succession of flights and drops’. Already we start to suspect the volatility of her and the reliability of her tale which obviously argues against the idea of it being a simple ghost story and starts to lay down the foundation for the idea that there may be undercurrents of something more suspect. However her description of Bly is incredibly positive. ‘A lovely day’, ‘summer sweetness’ and ‘a friendly surprise’ are all used in one sentence and all are incredibly optimistic, giving us the idea that the governess is a very positive person. However she does seem to be very hyperbolic, describing the first child, Flora, as ‘one of Raphael’s holy infants’. Obviously this is taking it to extremes, which hints that this might not be the only thing that she is exaggerating throughout the novella. Towards the end of chapter one, she describes parts of the house with language such as ‘empty chambers’, ‘dull corridors’ and ‘crooked staircase’ al of which are very negative descriptions, however she immediately starts to describe the house as ‘a castle of romance’ and something from a ‘story book’. Moreover, as she is peppering her negative quotes with positive and vice versa massively showing her incredible volatility. This is a major idea that the rest of the story may be exaggerated or maybe not even true. This could also foreshadow her personality later on into the novella. Throughout the chapters the language of Mrs Grose becomes increasingly questionable. As an audience we are constantly told that she is ‘simple-minded’ however she sees to know a lot more than she is letting on. ‘Are you afraid he’ll corrupt you?’ This is odd as she is talking about Miles, a ten year old boy. This make the audience think, how can a young child corrupt a fully grown woman? Leading us on to thin she may be talking about somebody else. As we progress through the story we learn about the Governess’s sexual frustration toward the master. Accompanying this idea is that she sees the apparition of Peter Quint upon the tower. This is could imply that she is projecting her sexual frustration onto an imaginary figure as a release to wanting to see the master. ‘A charming story suddenly to meet someone’ and later ‘He did stand there!’ She only sees this figure stood there when she is imagining the master, a suspicious idea that the reader may look into. ‘The man who met my eyes was not the person I precipitately supposed’. This quote backs up my previous point of the projecting this idea of meeting the master on her walks. During these first few chapters we experience a reasonable amount of religious language, ‘Raphael’s holy infants’, ‘divine’ and ‘he has red hair’ these all imply ideas of how the plot is affected by the religious aspects of the Victorian era and their views on ghosts. As they did believe in ghosts and were mainly very religious, these ideas were accepted avidly and only increased any emotions felt within the Victorian reader as they progressed through the story. Overall, my personal views are that there are underlying psychological ideas in ‘TTOTS’ and that although it can be read as a straight ghost story, to fully appreciate the novella the reader must delve deeper and retrieve any obvious ideas that suggest more than just a typical ghost story. James uses a variety of techniques which make his characters seem a lot more emotional deeper than just a person who is afraid in a big house. However the idea of authenticity throughout does back up the point of it being a straight ghost story. I do believe that it is a mazed reader and can be open to a variety of interpretations.

The Outbreak of the HIV Virus

Who would have ever thought that a disease, possibly brought to America by infected African monkeys, would affect the country forever? This is exactly what happened in the late nineteenth century when the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was introduced to America. The unpredictable epidemic caused a huge outrage for years to come. The outbreak of the HIV virus, AIDS, in the early 1980†³s resulted in medical research, public misconceptions, and ultimately growing awareness. Appearing first only in homosexual men, AIDS was an unfamiliar virus to the entire United States. Reports of unknown and unexplainable symptoms caused much confusion among patients and even doctors. In 1981, the first reports explained that 41 homosexual men in the San Fransisco area had â€Å"†¦ a rare and often rapidly fatal form of cancer† (Altman n. p. ). After years of researching these cases and millions of others appearing later in the decade, scientists discovered that it was not cancer they were dealing with. They called it HIV (Human Immune Virus) which leads to AIDS (Acquired Immune deficiency Syndrome) that â€Å"†¦ rogressively destroys the body†s ability to fight infections and certain cancers† (ARIC n. p. ). With minimal research there was nothing to initially â€Å"combat† the virus; but, thanks to time and funding, there were some drugs that seemed to help stop the spread of the virus in ones body. These anti-retroviral drugs still don't constitute as cures ! for the virus, but have definitely helped and continue to help patients live longer (ARIC n. p. ). Since a vaccine to â€Å"†¦ evoke an immune system response that will prevent infection or disease development† still has not been found, other treatments have been tested. Accupuncture, stress management, hypnosis, exercise, good nutrition, and an overall positive attitude all seem to alleviate symptoms even if they are not proven cures of the virus (Packer 78-88). Although AIDS is a life threatening disease, there were many people living with it by keeping healthy and staying safe. Scott Fried had not tried any of the aniviral drugs; however, practices such as taking 80 herbs and vitamins a day, staying physically fit, visiting the doctor every three months, and being happy have kept him alive with the virus for thirteen years (Fried speach). Most victims have not lived as long as he which is why AIDS has lead to some extensive research. Investigators supported by private and public funds continued to search for a cure or even an explanation of HIV/AIDS for two decades because like the â€Å"b! lack plague†, AIDS has killed off millions of people in a short time. Also like the black plague did, AIDS carried with it a long string of misconceptions. In the Middle Ages anyone carrying the â€Å"black plague† was to be avoided. Similarly, the public would often avoid people with AIDS. There were fabrications that AIDS could be caught by another human being from sneezing, coughing, hugging, kissing or even any â€Å"casual contact† ; so, people stayed away from those who were infected by AIDS. Another lie was that AIDS was caused by something magical or mystical (Taylor 23-24). Though some were overly careful of â€Å"catching† the virus, others were not careful enough. Since the initial outbreak was among gay men it was simply assumed that only gay men could be affected. Then reports of IV drug users having the disease still seemed to eliminate the chance of the common person being infected. Next, hemophiliacs and people who had had blood transfusions were reported followed by blacks, Hispanics, lesbians, straight women and finally white, heterosexual, males. Still everyone said â€Å"It can†t happen to me,† until it did (Fried speech). This assumption that AIDS only affected few amounts of people and only minorities was the basis of all misconceptions about that virus. People did not believe the virus could have any impact on their lives; but, it did impact everyones lives directly and or indirectly. Now that â€Å"AIDS is the second leading cause of death in the United States among people aged 25 to 44†³ (ARIC n. p. ), the misconceptions have been proven to be false. Although it was statistically correct that 66% of people infected by AIDS were homosexual males, 24% were IV drug users, and only 4% were heterosexual males or females (Packer 17) it was still a fact that AIDS can affect anyone. After years of research and statistical reports there were finally people relaying these messages to the public. Motivational speakers, like Scott Fried, continue to reach out to teens and adults about AIDS and sex. Information about these subjects can also be found easily, not only at hospitals or doctors† offices; but in books, magazines, pamphlets, and even on the internet. Conducting a simple search on http://www. yahoo. com came up with 164 â€Å"category matches,† 1,206 â€Å"web site matches,† and 237,000 web page matches. This means that HIV/AIDS appears at least 238,370 times on th! e world wide web and it shows that AIDS in an important component of modern life. Not only are people becoming aware of the AIDS epidemic, but they are becoming aware of sexuality through learning about AIDS. Before the outbreak of this fatal virus sex was only spoken about discretely. Now even kids are being made aware of the dangers of sex and spreading HIV. In this way HIV/AIDS had a positive affect on the country. People are aware of the facts and probably make better decisions. Some experts have said that AIDS will remain the way it is now and others predict it growing into a â€Å"huge epidemic† (Taylor 28). Hopefully due to this expansion of knowledge and recognition, he AIDS virus will not spread as quickly and infect as many people as it has in the past. HIV positive, homosexual, male, Scott Fried, said, â€Å"Ironically one of the blessings that HIV/AIDS has brought me is the abundance of love. . . † and perhaps that is true. Pertaining to the eighties and the early onset of the virus, AIDS caused much more commotion than love. However, every cloud has a silver lining and the hysteria has finally cleared up some myths. It has opened up the public to not only HIV/AIDS awareness, but sexual cognizance as well.

Methods of Analysis in Health Care Research Paper

Methods of Analysis in Health Care - Research Paper Example Horizontal analysis informs about how different items in the balance sheet and income statement behave in many years. This particular type of analysis reveals how the performance of the firm has been affected over the years due to environmental factors. This analysis is also important information regarding cyclical demand trends and helps understand fluctuations of demand for a firm. This particular analysis can be used in health care industry to understand reasons of increasing costs over many years. Through this analysis one can know the main areas due to which health care costs is increasing. Horizontal analysis will tell which elements have contributed to the increase in costs and which have remained fairly constant over many years or accounting periods. Vertical analysis is a form of financial analysis in which elements of financial statements are presented in a percentage form of total elements (Haber, 2004). This type of analysis presents all information of a particular account, for example liabilities, in percentage form of the total value of that particular account or element. Vertical analysis focuses on proportions and attempts to guide decision making based on how much weight or proportion a particular element in the balance sheet has. Through this analysis, firms can know easily what proportion of a particular asset, like cash or receivables, is present in the total assets of the company. This analysis can guide decision making by highlighting which areas have are important for the firm and which are not. Vertical analysis can be used in health care by managers to understand the nature of their debt. This analysis can tell managers regarding how much debt is due in the short term and how much is due later. Ratio analysis involves analyzing different aspects of a business including efficiency, leverage, debt, profitability etc (Siddiqui, 2006). This type of analysis focuses on the relationships between different factors

Is Mass Surveillance Ever a Good Thing Research Paper

Is Mass Surveillance Ever a Good Thing - Research Paper Example The benefit of mass surveillance exceeds its negative. The research will focus on mass surveillance and outline its impact on both the government and the citizens. According to Reuters (2013), mass surveillance can be traced back to the First World War were vital information was sourced from both the enemy territory and within a given country. This was to assist the country achieve a given objective in the war. The cold war period increase and the importance of mass surveillance with its aim being monitoring activities that could expose countries secrete policy. Traditionally mass surveillance was used as a tool to counter any move by an enemy country. Traditional ideologies used the concept to attain military and political supremacy. Over the years, technologies have evolved and gadgets that are more sophisticated introduced to aid a given country in mass surveillance. Surveillance has become a modality in modern day government (Ericson & Haggerty, 2006, 4). The ideology is traced back to the world war eras and the aim is to ensure a country protects its own interests. Sovereignty of a nation could be jeopardized if a country fails to gather enough information needed to protect the interest of a given nation. The United States of America has invested heavy in mass surveillance. The driving point has been on the 2001 attack’s impact. The question has been on how to avert future calamities similar to it. New models have aided the country in their quest to counter terrorism. Bush (2006) attributes the effect of mass surveillance to national security. Different security organs relay on public information to ensure a successful plan that would protect national interests and at the same time secure a country from external attacks (Fussey, 121). Strategic planning involves designing models that would prevent an attack and at the same time source information that

Multi National Companies- Boon or bane of globalization PowerPoint Presentation

Multi National Companies- Boon or bane of globalization - PowerPoint Presentation Example On one hand poverty remains as it is and on the other global corporate giants make their way commercially into poor nations. The second and third pictures show the outcome of Vogue photo shoot in India where the luxury brands are put on the poor people on the streets of New Delhi who perhaps strive to arrange for two square meals a day. The concept behind the advertisement is that the expensive fashion brands might wish to make this section of people their customers some day. This would be a far-fetched idea to come true and more than that it is ethically incorrect to put such contrasting scenarios in the photos. The photos also capture the attempt at forced westernization in the fashion industry. This is not only concerning the textiles segment but also other industries like sports and machineries. A burning question thus emerges whether multi-national corporations that is to globalization as white pigeon to peace is a boon or curse to the world? In what ways MNCs have affected glob alization? The multi-national corporations might be considered as the harbinger of globalization. A multi-national corporation is a firm that has its assets spread over many other countries along with its country of origin. In terms of the size; these firms are huge and some of them has turnover that might overshadow the GDP of a developing or less developed country. Ironically much like its parental body globalization; multi-national corporations are surrounded with much debate. In what ways do MNCs affect national governments? The classical and new classical economists consider globalization as a boon to society and votes against government intervention. As multi-national corporations are the direct product of globalization that consider the world as a borderless playing field and strongly depend on market force; hence an indirect support towards multi-national corporations can be drawn from the classical and neo classical economists. On the other hand the radical economists from Marxist clan always referred globalization and free market mechanism biased towards the haves and hence for a just social allocation supported government intervention. Little or no support can be found from the Marxist and Keynesians regarding multi-national corporations. If a national government becomes heavily dependent upon the FDI then inefficiency might creep up into its revenue accumulation system. All its development expenditure might then become dependent on FDI and if the MNC decides not to invest in the concerned nation all might collapse rapidly. Again at the worst a nexus of bribery might form between the government official and the multi national corporation that will again result in inefficient allocation of resources. As many MNCs have higher level of revenue than the GDP of developing and less developed countries hence if it withdraws its fund invested in a country and other MNCs follow suit then in no time it will bring a catastrophe to the concerned countryi. What are some of the potential positive consequences of this rising power of MNCs? The arguments favoring multi-national corporation stresses on its huge capital power that a country may take advantage if that multi-national corporation invest in that country. This is especially important if that country belongs to the developing or less developed clan. Since unemployment is a huge problem in those countries, hence fresh investments by the multi-national

Critical Research Paper Influences Paper Proposal

Critical Paper Influences Paper - Research Proposal Example Ð…amuel Langhorne ClemenÃ'• (Mark Twain) waÃ'• born in Florida, MiÃ'•Ã'•ouri, of a Virginian family. The family Ã'•oon moved to Hannibal, MiÃ'•Ã'•ouri, where Twain waÃ'• brought up. At Ã'•chool, accroding to hiÃ'• own wordÃ'•, he "excelled only in Ã'•pelling". After hiÃ'• fatherÃ'• death in 1847, Twain waÃ'• apprenticed to a printer. Her alÃ'•o Ã'•tarted hiÃ'• career aÃ'• a journaliÃ'•t by writing for the Hannibal Journal. Later Twain worked aÃ'• a licenÃ'•ed MiÃ'•Ã'•iÃ'•Ã'•ippi river-boat pilot (1857-61). HiÃ'• famouÃ'• penname Twain adopted from the call (Mark twain! – meaning by the mark of two fathomÃ'•) uÃ'•ed when Ã'•ounding river Ã'•hallowÃ'•. But thiÃ'• iÃ'•nt the full Ã'•tory: he had alÃ'•o Ã'•atirized an older writer, IÃ'•aiah Ð…ellerÃ'•, who called himÃ'•elf Mark Twain. In 1861 Twain Ã'•erved briefly aÃ'• a confederate irregular. The Civil War put an end to the Ã'•teamboat traffic, and during a period when Twain waÃ'• out of work, he lived in a primitive cabin on JackaÃ'•Ã'• Hill and tried hiÃ'• luck aÃ'• a gold-miner. "I would have been more or leÃ'•Ã'• than human if I had not gone mad like the reÃ'•t," he confeÃ'•Ã'•ed. Twain moved to Virginia City, where he edited two yearÃ'• Territorial EnterpriÃ'•e. On February 3, 1863, Mark Twain waÃ'• born when he Ã'•igned a humorouÃ'• travel account with that pÃ'•eudonym. In 1864 Twain left for California, where worked in Ð…an FranciÃ'•co aÃ'• a reporter. After hearing a Ã'•tory about a frog, Twain made an entry in hiÃ'• notebook: "Coleman with hiÃ'• jumping frog – bet a Ã'•tranger $50. – Ð…tranger had no frog and C. got him one: – In the meantime Ã'•tranger filled CÃ'• frog full of Ã'•hot and he couldnt jump. The Ã'•trangerÃ'• frog won." From theÃ'•e lineÃ'• he developed Jim Ð…miley and hiÃ'• Jumping Frog which waÃ'• publiÃ'•hed in The Ð…aturday PreÃ'•Ã'• of New York on the 18th of November in 1865. It waÃ'• reprinted all over the country and became the foundation Ã'•tone of THE CELEBRATED JUMPING FROG OF CALAVERAÐ…

Four Ways Creative Thinking Can Eliminate Debt Essay

Four Ways Creative Thinking Can Eliminate Debt - Essay Example This problem is further compounded with a high degree of consumerism which is prevalent in the U.S. A good percentage of Americans try to live above their means, be it the car they buy or even the house. This has lead to some very creative debt instruments which they can tap into. If just the minimum payment of a credit card it made every month, the card will not be paid for over thirty years. Then there are housing loans which have a Interest only payment option, which means the home owner has the option of paying only the Interest every month and the principle balance never gets reduced and since most use this option on a frequent basis, the balance on the debt remains at close to the initial level. And in the past few years, a new debt instrument has come up which actually allows debtors to pay less than the interest amount , which means that the principle balance can actually go up. How does this impact anybody wanting to take a loan to buy something Let us suppose a person can a fford a payment of $ 1000 a month towards his house. In a normal loan he possibly could afford a $100,000 house, If he chooses the Principal only option, he could possibly go as high as a $ 150,000 house , a negative amortized loan could get him as much as a $ 200,000 house. American consumers owed a grand total of $1.9773 trillion in October 2003, according to the latest statistics on consumer credit from the Federal Reserve. Thats about $18,654 per household, a figure that does not include mortgage debt. The number is up more than 41% from the $1.3999 trillion consumers owed in 1998.i The Mortgage Debt is about 25 trillion. The figures become even more staggering when you see that 43% of the Americans spend more than they earn each year. These Americans are like the bound prisoners in the Plato's Allegory of a caveii. They see only way to prosperity and that is through accumulation of debt. And that is because they see their neighbors in affluence, little knowing that it hides, most likely a horrendous amount of debt. But these people do not simply know any other way. And the current subprime crisis in the U.S. Mortgage market is because of just such people just wanting to live beyond their means and paying the penalty for that by losing their houses and the very affluence which they wanted. But as much as Plato's Allegory showed the dark side of Human conditioning, Jacob Bronowski's The Reach of Imagination showed us the amazing gift which we have which is the gift of imagination iii Almost everything that we do that is worth doing is done in the first place in the mind's eye. The richness of human lif e is that we have many lives: we live the events that do not happen (and some that cannot) as vividly as those that do. Which actually gives us a unique advantage, we do not have to stuck in any rut, we have myriads of possibilities available to us. And even in an apparently hopeless situation such as overwhelming debt we have many possibilities available to us. In Asimov's Eureka phenomenon there is a reference to intuition as a sense of something beyond that which is evidentiv. These papers and theory's were written well before anybody saw the current debt crisis which the Americans find themselves in. And the apparent hopelessness could never be visualized by anyone before this crisis. But this situation is not hopeless and that is because the creativity of the human mind is such that it can get solutions to a problem , however big it might be. Way 1 :

Customer Importance to the External Environment Essay

Customer Importance to the External Environment - Essay Example I agree with the statement urged in contemporary best-selling management that customers are the most important elements in the external environment. In this regard, business organizations mainly compete for customers to earn more sales. This implies that rivalry among the existing firms within the external environment are attributed to the targeted customers. Firms in this case have to compete in various ways to win as many customers as possible. The focus here is the market, which is entirely built up by the customers. The number of customers to be won by a given firm would only depend on the strategies employed to win the customers. Customers constitute the key focus because of their attitude towards the new entrants against the existing firms’ products/services. The most important aspect in this regard is the strategy employed to gain high volumes of sales. Customers also force firms to differentiate product and identify their brands. Firms have to take note of substitute p roducts and services in order to envision better ways of maintaining their customers and even gain more of them. The statement may however be untrue in the situation whereby firms are dealing with the issue of bargaining power of their suppliers. In this case, the focus is solely on suppliers, which means that customers cannot have any impact on this relationship between the firm and its suppliers. Focusing on the suppliers in turn improves the company’s performance, which could have little or nothing to do with the customers.

Construction Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Construction Law - Essay Example The ECS contract is parallel to ECC in detail and complications of contractual demands; however, the names of the parties to the contract and timescales for completion are changed to meet the deadlines under the ECC contract (GMH Planning, 2012). Clause 11.2(17) lays down the criteria for a subcontractor. Firstly, someone involved in construction or installation of part of the work which indicates that a contractor can’t sublet an entire project to another individual or organization. Secondly, it can be someone who provides a service necessary to provide the works, this shows that services of others can be utilized and no limitation is placed on only subletting a part of the project. The third category describes individuals and organizations that would not be considered as sub-contractors. They enter into a contract regarding the provision of plant and material which they partly or completely designed for a specific project. The imperative point to remember is that the burden of responsibility of the contactor towards the employer is not shifted to a subcontractor (Eggleston, 2006). ... NEC3 provides that the construction or installation of part of the work can be sublet to a sub-contractor and offers two options. The first option if NEC3 Engineering and Construction Subcontract (ECS) with slight changes in the timescales and names of the parties involved in the project. Clause 62.3 makes changes in the time period for submission of and response to quotations and clause 51 makes change in the time period of payment. The payment period in Secondary Option Y (UK) 2 of ECS is similar to ECC type of the similar secondary option ensuing in same payment time limits. Main contractors can amend these periods by using the provisions of Subcontract Data Part One (Patterson, 2007). The second option under NEC3 is the Engineering and Construction Short Subcontract (ECSS) used for projects which don’t involve complex management techniques, consist of uncomplicated work and entail low risks. It prohibits delegating design responsibility to the subcontractor, simplifies wor k by adhering to Works information but it doesn’t simplify processes concerning compensation events. It is obligatory for the subcontractor to report compensation events within seven days of becoming knowledgeable of such an event and will have similar liabilities as a Contractor does under the ECC in case of failure to give notification. However, ECSS does not include deemed acceptance procedure for not replying unlike ECS. Therefore, we can conclude that the burden of compensation event procedures lies with the Subcontractor under ECSS. In this instance, the subcontractor did not adhere to the precise requirements provided in the Works Information concerning installation of a complimentary

Relationship between Different Components of an Airport Research Paper

Relationship between Different Components of an Airport - Research Paper Example Landside portion; this portion consists of the arrival and departure enclosures, passenger handling area, baggage handling area, cargo handling, and processing area, retail, and catering area.  Landside portion; this portion consists of the arrival and departure enclosures, passenger handling area, baggage handling area, cargo handling, and processing area, retail, and catering area.  Airside portion; this portion consists of the runway, taxiway and the area where the aircraft stands before and after takeoff and landing respectively.  The above figure shows that an ideal airport should be having one side for its ‘departure’ functions while the other side is kept for ‘arrival’ functions. Both of these converge into the front or the urban access portion for seamless integration.  Suppose at present the airport handles 2.5 million passengers and it is being estimated that by 2016 it would have to handle 5 million passengers annually. The airport would h ave to go for expansion in the context of runways, terminals, taxiways, and allied services. The airport is important for the adjoining area from the perspective of economy, business, tourism, and social development.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Points of consideration: Land issues: The existing airport when going for expansion would require a huge amount of land. There could be scientific, social, environmental as well as political issues in the context of acquiring land, which have to be taken into account. Runway-taxiway: Runways and taxiways should ideally run parallel. The dimensions of the former would depend on the number, size, and type of aircraft being handled.   The size and dimensions of taxiways would depend on the number of passengers being handled and the probable increase in the number in the future.

A look into Wide Sargasso Sea Essay Example for Free

A look into Wide Sargasso Sea Essay In what appears to be a recreation of the novel Jane Eyre and the main protagonist deeply etched in its lines, Wide Sargasso Sea has given its author, Jean Rhys, quite a number of literary distinctions such as the Heinemann Award as well as the coveted W. H. Smith Award, thus securing her a well-deserved spot in the world of the written arts. Although one may be able to observe that, to some interesting degree, Rhys’ novel strongly echoes Jane Eyre in a number of ways and that, hence, her work cannot stand by itself as a lone and solid literary work without depending too much on what has already been written, Wide Sargasso Sea delivers by tempting the mind to look deeper into the context of the story. Not only is one prompted to internalize on the lives of the characters involved and the situations that have kept them both together in a single place and romantically miles apart while living together. The reader is all the more prompted to juxtapose the literary content into the context of the social developments that have shaped the course of the novel. A look into the main characters, Rochester and Antoinette, provides us with a fitting yet succulent glance of the underlying precepts behind the length of the novel. One cannot simply deny and shy away from the fact that, after reading Wide Sargasso Sea, much is to be discerned and contemplated on the behaviors of the characters and the very societal setting that has molded them to what and who they are. Rochester and Antoinette: similarities and differences The characters of both Rochester and Antoinette bear the same characteristic of madness, illustrated to some degree in the former character’s attempt to ditch-off Antoinette by turning towards infidelity and intentionally letting her hear all about his conceited deeds. The fact that Rochester verified the instance when she slept with another woman further illustrate the point that he does not yearn for Antoinette as much as his coldness and arrogance would bitterly consume his outward feelings toward her. Madness has consumed Rochester and his treatment of Antoinette, devouring and distorting his perception of the place where they lived, choosing his England more than anything else whilst staying in a seeming paradise. The madness that has dissolved the humanly precepts of Rochester does not necessarily amount to that of a madman exiled in a sanitarium somewhere in a desolate region. Rather, the context of the madness that have seemed to corrupt his thoughts can all the more me concretized with Rochester’s efforts to keep Antoinette away from him as much as possible, with the very idea that she has turned into a lunatic. Rochester appears to have countered or met the madness in Antoinette by employing actions that can be interpreted as way beyond normal thinking, one that is not commonly done by the normal individual. His deliberate intent of letting Antoinette understand that he has purposely committed infidelity is what a normal person will not usually do, is beyond the point of tolerance, and is exceedingly beyond the limits of a married man. Madness has indeed taken its course in the veins of Rochester as his treatment and attitude towards Antoinette plummet to an unceasingly growing emptiness. Antoinette, on the other hand, has been depicted almost throughout the stretch of the novel as the mad woman that she is, as the Creole taken down by the sheer weight of madness and by the mounting confusion that creases her understanding of her personality and, far more importantly, of her understanding of who she really is. It is not difficult to ascertain from the descriptions of both the personality and actuations of Antoinette that she has been slurred down by the very idea of â€Å"madness† that the people surrounding her have casted upon Rochester’s wife.

Perceived User Experience of Interactive Animated Transition

Perceived User Experience of Interactive Animated Transition Perceived User Experience of Interactive Animated Transitions in Mobile User  Interfaces and Visualisation Animated transitions hold an important part of graphical user interface design practice. They can help to guide users attention and highlight changes in the interface. Also Information visualisation research has concentrated thus far on desktop PCs and larger displays while interfaces for more compact mobile device have been neglected. The aim is to investigate how user experience in mobile applications are perceived by different animation principles for animated transition and their visualisation before designing. In addition, the issue of visualisation is addressed by developing a set of low-level interface design guidelines for mobile information visualisation development. This is done by considering a basic set of interactions and relating these to mobile device limitations. The results of various tests on suitability of different animated transitions for the study are reported. The findings provide insights in users perception of animation styles, therefore having implications f or graphical user interface design practice along with the interface visualisation for different displays. KEYWORDS Interface design, visualisation, animation transition, user experience The beginning of the 21st century has been marked by the proliferation of increasingly powerful mobile computing devices. There are currently over 2.23 billion mobile phone users and over 1.75 billion smartphone users worldwide meaning that a remarkable 31% of the global population now own a mobile phone and around 25% already have a smartphone [Lee and Lee 2014]. Moreover, after Chang and Ungar promoted the use of animation for user interface (UI) design, a controversial debate on its influence on user experience (UX) emerged. Animation has become a standard design element in User Interfaces and figure in design guidelines of leading software companies such as Microsoft, Google and Apple after more than 20 years. Information visualisations help us to think using data. Information visualisation techniques have been found to be particularly useful for the analysis of large-scale data and complex data in areas such as gene expression analysis and financial data analysis. Indeed, this push towards larger scale data and more complex data analysis is a possible reason why information visualisation research has focused on larger displays, since larger displays are inherently more suitable for larger datasets. Also, Disneys cartoon animation principles are comparable to design guideline rules and help designing the style of an animation. To evaluate their influence on UX some of these principles have been investigated experimentally. The perception that there is essentially a proportional relationship between the amount of information that can be displayed in an interface, or at least an interface that is comfortable to use, and the dimensions of the display space. This leads some authors to conclude that a smaller display can only be used effectively for aggregates and overviews of the data [Chittaro 2006]. Animation can be applied to various design cases in User Interfaces. However, only appropriate use can enhance the experience. Different states of a User Interface are connected through the use of animation transition which are considered to be effective in guiding attention and explaining change. While there is certainly a strong case for limiting our expectations of what can be achieved on mobile devices, it is felt that this needs to be balanced by a realistic evaluation of the potential benefits of mobile device information visualisation and the opportunities to improve mobile interfaces through inventive and thoughtful design. While mobile devices, by their very nature, will continue to have limited display space. Other device limitations such as limited processing and graphics capabilities are rapidly disappearing. And other useful features such as global positioning, tactile feedback and voice recognition are being added. Moreover, the natural application domain of mobile devices has expanded from activities that need to be performed on a mobile device. People are now using increasingly sophisticated applications on mobile devices and application developers need to either cater to this trend or find themselves left behind. This undoubtedly includes information visualisa tion developers who need to leverage new and improved device capabilities to support mobile visualisation. To summarize, UX can be influenced positively by animations in User Interfaces, but the perception of it may depend upon its purpose and animation style. A wide range of animation styles are used in the literature on animation and UX which varies in design purpose used in the experimental tasks. With regard to UX within a constant design purpose, thorough comparisons of different animation styles are missing, making it difficult to distinctively evaluate the influence on UX. The changes in perception of UX would be clarified by conducting such a comparable study with animation style. There are indeed a number of researchers who recognize the potential of mobile visualisation and have proposed some useful general guidelines for their design. These tell us that the interface should be simple and user should be able to interact more directly with the data rather than have to operate menus and controls [Lee et al. 2012]. Others suggest that interaction should be fluid and flow seamlessly between different functions [Robertsetal.2014]. 2 EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION For the underlying study, UX can be defined by relying on the working model as proposed by Hassenzahl. Hassenzahl developed the 2 questionnaire in order to measure perception of users of digital products with regard to pragmatic and hedonic quality as well as the overall goodness and beauty which is called attrakdiff. The attrakdiff lite version, a shortened questionnaire consisting of 10 items is used for the study. Each item consists of adjective pairs that represent opposite poles. 7point Likert-type scale ranging from -3 to +3 is used for rating items. In the planned study it is sought to clarify how different animation styles influence the perceived User Experience. The research in this area either failed to investigate only parts of objective User Experience or to examine this relation due to its methodological approach. Furthermore, there is very little knowledge about the principles of exaggeration in interface design. Therefore it can be keenly seen whether different animation styles differ in their effect on UX. Further, it has been sought to investigate whether the animation style or its combination with an animated transition are responsible for possible differences in UX. Also, in this paper guidelines are used to build some case study applications by taking a lower-level approach to consider how specific aspects of information visualisation design should be implemented on mobile devices. This allows us to draft a set of guidelines that can be used to either adapt existing information visualisation applications for mobile use or begin considering which techniques to employ in the design of new applications. Issues considered while implementation of interaction for development of a set of draft guidelines for mobile visualisation interface design are as follows: Inspection Selecting an object Selecting an area Moving an object Scrolling Entering text Be aware of the situations in which the application is likely to be used and adapt the interface accordingly for sporadic, hands-free or one handed use. Use techniques that make more efficient use of available screen space or do not require accurate selections. Keep text and selection targets above a constant device specific minimum size and scale other elements of these constraints. Dont display too much information on the screen at the same time. Use virtual buttons to switch between different types of selection. Dont allow important information to be hidden by the users finger during interaction. By conducting this study is sought to contribute to the research on User Interface animation with several insights. It is hoped to indicate whether users generally perceive differences in User Experience depending on animation style; know to which dimensions of User Experience, the compared animation styles may contribute; and find whether the animation itself or its combination with a transition is responsible for the evaluation of User experience. Furthermore, it is expected to provide implications for interface design. The insights into the perception of animation could help interface designers to apply animation principles more purposefully to their aim. Our findings could further contribute to the understanding of widespread animated transitions and indicate whether their perception differs between users of different mobile operating systems. Last, it is expected that this study to set the scene for related research on animated transitions, animation style and User Experience in graphical User Interfaces. Also, a set of guidelines for the design of mobile information visualisation applications has been drafted through an analysis of different forms of interaction and device limitations. These guidelines are applied to the design of various applications which use visualisation techniques that can be applied with inaccurate touch-screen selection and, crucially, make the display more interactive to allow the user to view more of the data over time without saturating the limited display space. The additional cognitive load of having to interact more with the data and having less of the data shown at any one time is reduced by using animation to smooth the transition between successive views. These early results suggest that information visualisation on mobile devices can be more capable than it was previously imagined and that interaction and animation will be a key part of the implementation of effective information visualisation interfaces for more challeng ing data-sets and more demanding user requirements. UI: User Interface UX: User Experience Benedikt Merz, Alexandre N. Tuch, Klaus Opwis. Perceived User Experience of Animated Transitions in Mobile User Interfaces(Santa Clara, California, USA-May 07, 2016) Paul Craig. Interactive Animated Mobile Information Visualisation(Kobe, Japan-November 02-06, 2015) Daniel Liddle.Emerging Guidelines for Communicating with Animation in Mobile User Interfaces(Silver Spring, MD, USA-September 23-24, 2016)

The impact of Social Media on Romantic Relations

The impact of Social Media on Romantic Relations For all of the positive facets of the increased social connection that Facebook enables, including the help it may provide at the academic level, maintenance of relationships, there may also be some costs for those individuals who are in romantic relationships. My data show a significant association between romantic jealousy and jealousy-related feelings experienced on Facebook. Long time back, flirty gestures of interest remained entirely within an individuals own control, and partners involved in romantic relationships were most often not opened to the daily scrutiny of their exchanges with members of their social circle. With the development of social network sites like Facebook, a fundamental shift has been created in this practice because Facebook has made the lives of people open for all to see. My first hypothesis is that jealousy is differentially experienced by gender. The results I obtained from my study supported this hypothesis. Most of the girls who participated in the study scored higher on both Multidimensional Jealousy Scale and Facebook Jealousy Scale than male participants. Since the Multidimensional Jealousy Scale assessed the participants on three levels of jealousy namely cognitive, emotional and behavioral, I have also analyzed their scores separately on these three levels. Only when these three levels of jealousy is analyzed separately that we can see the difference on how boys and girls experience jealousy. When romantic jealousy was globally analyzed, I found that out of 69 girls, 55 reported that they experience a high level of jealousy, the result of the remaining 14 girls showed that they have a normal level of romantic jealousy whereas for the male participants, out of 50 boys only 13 boys reported that they experience a high level of romantic jealousy . I then divided the romantic jealousy into its three respective components. What I found was that only 5 out of 50 boys scored more than 3 on the cognitive level of romantic jealousy whereas 23 out of 69 girls scored higher than 3 on this level. A score greater than 3 on the Multidimensional jealousy scale means that the participant experiences a high level of jealousy. Someone who experience cognitive jealousy has repeated thoughts of anxiousness, doubts and suspicions about his or her partners potential infidelity and external relationships. It involves someone who is obsessed by mistaken beliefs, worries and suspicions about rivals to a valued romantic relationship. Cognitive jealousy implies the construction of elaborate cognitive scenarios that result in biases toward perceiving relational threats and misunderstanding of the partner’s behavior. My results suggest that women tend to feel cognitive jealousy more than men do. From my point of view, this may be explained using the evolutionary theory of jealousy, which is further detailed by modern sociobiologists. The theorists explained that woman is more jealous of man developing another committed relationship because she is afraid that he will spend his time, energy, protection, and resources in that person, and she will be left with less resources and safety if she has to share the male’s resources with another woman and her children. That is why she always has repeated thoughts of anxiousness doubts and suspicions, because she is afraid of losing the person who is providing for her and who protects her. However, both girls and boys scored high on emotional jealousy. Approximately 45 out of 50 boys scored greater than 3 on the Multidimensional Jealousy Scale and as per the scoring rule if participants scored higher than 3 means that they experience somewhat a problematic level of emotional jealousy. Similarly, the majority of the girls who participated in my study scored very high on emotional jealousy. This can be explained through the attachment style that romantic partners display. Levy, a psychologist at Penn State, studied attachment in relationships and spoke of two types of attachment in relationships namely dismissive and secure. A person with dismissive attachment does not see the value in relationships and Levy described them as hyper-independent. In other words, most of us value our independence, but we also value our relationships. However, those who display dismissive type of attachments value only their independence, to the exclusion of relationships. On the other side, Levy said that those with secure attachments see the value in relationships and are comfortable with the interdependency that comes with them. He added that those with a secure attachment style might be more likely to be bothered by emotional infidelity, while those with dismissive styles would see sexual infidelity as more of problem (Kenneth N. Levy and Kristen M. Kelly, 2010). Based on this attachment theory I would argue that most of my participants, be it boys or girls, displayed a secure attachment style with their respective partners, and they scored high on emotional jealousy because they valued their relationships and they are highly committed to each other. As for the behavioral component of jealousy, girls tend to experience it more than boys do. The goal of someone who expresses behavioral jealousy is to ensure that intimacy does not take place between ones partner and a third party. Examples of behavioral jealousy include being inquisitive, checking up on one’s partner, searching his or her belongings, mobile phones, making uncomplimentary statements about the rival, or trying to come in between the partner and rival when they are engaged in conversation. According to me, those who are in a committed relationship would display behavioral jealousy than those who are in an open relationship. The reason behind why they engaged in such behaviors may be explained again through the evolutionary theory of jealousy. The feeling of insecurity that women have makes them act in these way that is being always inquisitive, checking up on their partner and searching their belongings. They want to make sure that their partners are not being involved with a third party, which would eventually represent a threat to their relationships and their security. Consistent with hypothesis, those who experience romantic jealousy effectively experience Facebook jealousy. The data suggest that both male and female that participated in my study scored high on the Facebook Jealousy Scale. Not only they scored high but also the number of boys that reported to feel romantic jealousy increased when they were assessed on the Facebook level of jealousy. Approximately 32 out of 50 boys said that they experience Facebook related jealousy and about 62 out of 69 girls reported to have undergone that feeling (The increase in jealousy feeling is shown when Figure 4 and Figure 8 is compared). Here, it can be said that Facebook reinforced the level of jealousy in both male and female. There was a fairly strong significant association between romantic jealousy and Facebook jealousy ( r = 0.727, p My results suggest that Facebook may expose a person to potentially jealousy-provoking information about his or her partner, which creates a feedback loop whereby heightened jealousy leads to increased surveillance of a partner’s Facebook page. Persistent surveillance results in further exposure to jealousy-provoking information. The correlation between Facebook jealousy and if participants monitor their partners activities on Facebook is very high (r = 0.805, p Finally, I did a regression analysis to obtain the percentages of how much Facebook jealousy is predicted by romantic jealousy. The result I obtained are as follows, 42.8% Facebook jealousy is predicted by romantic jealousy for male and 46% Facebook jealousy is predicted for female by romantic jealousy. Since romantic jealousy is divided into three components, I also performed regressions for the three levels to know which components of romantic jealousy predict more Facebook jealousy. 18.6% Facebook jealousy is caused by cognitive level of jealousy in male, which is not very high, and 32.4% is caused for female by the same variable. 22.7% emotional jealousy predicts Facebook jealousy for male and 35.8% emotional jealousy causes the feeling of jealousy on Facebook in female. As for the behavioral component of romantic jealousy, 33.2% is accounted for Facebook jealousy in boys and only 16.9% is explained for Facebook jealousy in girls. In all, it is suggested that the behavioral compo nent in romantic jealousy is a better predictor of Facebook jealousy for boys and emotional component is a better predictor of Facebook related jealousy for female. This finding shows that when it comes to jealousy men and women are not always on the same page. Many studies in the past have shown that men are more likely to see red over a partners sexual infidelity (for example study done by Donald Symons in 1979), while women are more upset by emotional cheating. Evolutionary psychologists theorize that the difference is rooted in the sexes’ historical roles. Men want to guarantee that their partners are carrying their children, while women need to feel secure that they and their children would be cared for by a committed partner. Emotional jealousy refers to how someone feels when his or her partner is flirting with someone else, kissing or hugging someone of the opposite sex or how that person feels when he or she learns that somebody else is dating his or her partner. That is why women usually feel anxious and insecure because if their partner becomes interested in someone else, they will have to share their partners resources with th at other person. Limitations However, future research must directly examine the effects of various triggers on the experience of jealousy for example genetics. In addition, it would be interesting to learn whether these same relationships hold true in samples of adults since my sample age range is between 18 to 26 years only. Unlike most young individuals’ relationships, adult relationships are more likely to have developed before Facebook became popular, and one could argue that partners in that age group may be less well equipped to deal with the challenges that Facebook poses to relationships. In addition, my sample size is n= 119, which is very small to be able to generalize my findings in the Mauritian context. Conclusion This study provides evidence of a relationship between Facebook use and the experience of jealousy in that context, more precisely it looked at the association between romantic jealousy experienced by individuals who are in a romantic relationship and Facebook related jealousy based on gender and if Facebook use reinforce level of jealousy. A review of the literature reveals that the social network site, Facebook, is a direct cause of jealousy and negatively impacts romantic relationships (Muise et al 2009). It is responsible in stirring suspicion between romantic partners. However, there is a need for more research which control for other correlates and determinants of jealousy to be done in the future.

How Do Pre 1914 Writers Create Mystery And Suspense Essay -- English L

How Do Pre 1914 Writers Create Mystery And Suspense In Their Short Stories? Common themes in the stories of the nineteenth century are horror, mystery and the unexplained. This is because in the Victorian times, people were concerned with problems such as superstition and witchcraft. Common features of Victorian short stories are paranoid characters. The stories ‘The Withered Arm’, ‘The Red Room’ and ‘The Signalman’ teach a modern audience the results and consequences of superstition and paranoia. The Withered Arm was written by Thomas Hardy. It is about a woman who is trying to bring up her illegitimate son while she tries to overcome her jealousy as her sons father brings home his new beautiful wife. The main message that Thomas Hardy is trying to get across to the reader is that you should be careful what you wish for as it may come true. Also that what goes around comes around. The main character in this story is Rhoda Brook, the mother of farmer Lodges son. In the story she is described as ‘a thin fading woman of thirty’ this shows that she is slowly wasting away. Rhoda Brooks is a mysterious character because the reader doesn’t know whether Rhoda is a witch or not, Thomas Hardy doesn’t reveal this fact because it makes the story mysterious and leaves the reader wondering. Another reason why Rhoda is mysterious is because of relationship with farmer Lodge and their baby together. Rhoda is also mysterious because she was once beautiful ‘The radiance lit her pale check, and made her dark eyes, that had once been handsome, seem handsome anew.’ The Red Room was written by H.G Wells the story is about a man who is trying to find out whether a room in the Lorraine castle is haunted or not. The mess... ...on, pathetic fallacy and has more descriptions in it. Also because it enables the reader to visualise the settings better. I think that the setting in The Signalman represent loneliness. The setting in The Red Room represents paranoia and terror and the setting in The Withered Arm represent fear and superstition. Therefore, Victorian writers successfully created mysterious short stories through using chapters, less characters and detailed setting. The most effective story is The Withered Arm this is because it has the most imaginative and interesting story line. Also because Thomas Hardy doesn’t reveal everything to the reader as it lets them debate over whether Rhoda is a witch or not. It shows a modern audience the effects and consequences of superstition. The moral or message of the story may have been be careful what you wish for as it may come true.

Influential Composers Of Early 20th Century :: Music Musical History Essays

Influential Composers Of Early 20th Century missing works cited Zoltan Kodaly, Edgar Varese, Igor Stravinsky.Three foreign-born composers whose output ranges from unobtrusively important to riot inducing works.They encompass music’s three principles: education, exploration, experimentation. Deemed â€Å"Hungary’s greatest composer and music pedagogue† (Jeter) Zoltan Kodaly, was born December 16, 1882.As a child, Kodaly taught himself piano, violin, cello, and voice.Later, he pursued Composition/Education degrees at Budapest’s Academy of Music and, in 1905, collaborated with friend, Bela Bartok, to preserve folk songs, collecting roughly 100,000 in his lifetime. Kodaly’s compositional reputation is one of moderation and consistency.His works are harmonically smooth, minimally contrapuntal, and, as Bartok described, â€Å"†¦the perfect embodiment of†¦Hungarian spirit† (www.bbc.co.uk)The orchestral suite from opera Hary Janos (the story of an imaginative soldier with no regard for reality) remains Kodaly’s most popular work.His Sonata for solo Cello is similarly regarded as â€Å"one of the great virtuoso instrumental pieces of the 20th century† Kodaly primarily influenced education. Returning to Budapest’s Academy of Music as a professor, he committed himself to creating a musically literate society.He implemented daily music classes at primary school level, and composed choral exercises for children.Kodaly’s three-pronged approach—1) aural, 2) written, 3) read—taught children to sing in tune, improvise, and sight-sing impeccably.The method combined rhythm symbols, syllables, and hand signals.These hand positions provided singers with visual cues of pitches and tonal relationships.Kodaly also devised â€Å"solfege†Ã¢â‚¬â€a way of simplifying music for beginners.Kodaly’s innovative methods became Hungary’s state policy after World War 2, eventually spreading worldwide.Today, Hungary’s Zoltan Kodaly Grammar School still pursues music literacy by providing children an outlet for intensive study (Jeter). On December 22, 1883—several hundred miles from Hungary—French-born, Edgar Varese, welcomed life and a lifelong love affair with music.Percussion and woodwinds fascinated him, even during childhood.By age 11, he had composed an opera and imagined, one day, of transmuting the Zambesi River’s â€Å"turbulent movement into sound.† (www.bbc.co.uk)Varese’s father harbored hopes for his son to become an engineer, hopes which bred a violent father-son relationship.After a final fall-out with his father, Varese relocated to Paris to study with Charles Wilder.His most fruitful years of composition would occur in New York City, between 1920-1934. Exploration was vital to Varese’s legacy. While traces of Stravinksy and Debussy are audible in Ameriques (his American debut composition for large orchestra), Varese attempted to go even farther afield.His music introduced â€Å"new fashions of attack†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ministere des Affaires) along with â€Å"slabs of monumental sound†¦juxtaposed [with] scraps of melody† (www.

Mass Media Filling the Moral Void Essay -- Morals Ethics Television En

Mass Media Filling the Moral Void A walk down the streets of D.C. provides more than just exercise and scenery. It is a journey through the stages of Mass Media. The first newsstand one spots is full of every newspaper one could possibly want to read. A couple more steps down the sidewalk, and one can see the televisions flashing through the windows of ESPN Zone, and one is bombarded by the blaring sounds of radios from car stereos and stores alike. It is almost impossible to escape the claw of Mass Media, because there are very few places to which media influence does not extend. Through the beginning of Mass Media during the 1400’s to the present, television, radio and video games have become a large part of every child’s life. With media surrounding more than one’s immediate family, it is hard not to be influenced in everyday life. Experts continue to debate the influence that Mass Media has on the youth of this generation, and whether it is vital to growth or an impairment on a childâ €™s education. The first step when taking a look at Mass Media and its influences is to find out how clearly it can be defined. Mass Media are the mediums or channels through which images, information, and entertainment are sent. As defined by Professor Lawrence Grossberg of Communication Studies, Mass Media is exactly that: media generated from a single point to a large number of points or from a single source to an audience of many people (Grossberg 8). Media can best be explained as communication through television, radio, newspapers or the Internet. Since Mass Media is transported from a single source to multiple sources, it is hard to realize how each person will perceive it. Indeed, the sender of media has little or no contro... ...on, is a topic that will be continually discussed. In any case, no matter which kind of media it is, someone with always find it entertaining. Works Cited: Baker, Karen. "Kick the TV habit for a week." Times-Picayune. 22 Apr. 2004. Lexis Nexis. 13 Feb. 2005 <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>. Grossberg, Lawrence, Ellen Wartella, and D. Charles Whitney. Media Making: Mass Media In A Popular Culture. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications Inc., 1998. Guernsey, Lisa. "Tuning Into a Problem." The Washington Post. 9 Nov. 2004. Lexis Nexis. 14 Feb. 2005 <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>. Raymo, Chet. "Bach on the Wing." The Boston Globe. 3 Oct. 2004: 34. Lexis Nexis. 13 Feb. 2005 <http://web.lexis-nexis.com>. Scheibe, Cyndy. "Television in the Lives of Children." CRETv. 15 Feb. 2005. <http://www.ithaca.edu/CRETv>.

Online gambling and social responsibility Essay

The Gaming Industry does not escape as any other industry in acting responsibly and being sensible to the society in which it operates. Since the early 50s and 60s when the gaming industry was targeted and tagged as one controlled by criminals, and as cited earlier in this paper, the industry has been regulated constantly to prevent customers to be the target and profit and limit the expansion of the gambling criminal activities. But with the constant regulatory eye of the government, how can’t the gaming industry act as any other where the main purpose of business activity is the creation of profits? In an attempt to portray the main and traditional intention of a business, Cavico explains that a corporation main purpose in our society is the profitable production and distribution of goods and services (Cavico, 2009). In fact, that is how corporations invest money in a business opportunity to create profits, and gradually based on the market and business condition, look for an expansion of their operations in the search for more opportunities and profits. The online gaming industry, domestic or international, has this intent as their main purpose of existence. Exploring the social responsible side of corporations, John Bussey in a Wall Street Journal article, introduces a justification why companies would benefit from adopting the social responsible side, by mentioning Starbucks’s CEO, Howard Schultz in promoting corporate social responsibility in companies. Also, the article also compares Mr. Schultz’s viewpoint with Milton Friedman’s position. Mr. Friedman said that â€Å"there is one and only one social responsibility of business to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game. † However, Mr. Schultz’s corporate social responsible movement states in contrast that â€Å"companies that hold on to the old-school, singular view of limiting their responsibilities to making a profit will not only discover it is a shallow goal, but an unsustainable one,† and added that â€Å"values increasingly drive consumer and employee loyalties. Money and talent will follow those companies whose values are compatible. â€Å"(Bussey, 2011). With this context in mind, Milton Friedman, in a New York Times article, explains eloquently the role of government and elected representatives are the ones providing all rules, regulations and environment necessary for a responsible and welfare of the society, and concludes that by political principle, this is the main domain of government and not corporations (Friedman, 1970). Thus, how can the Online Gaming industry take advantage of the gambling status quo and be socially responsible, improve acceptance of society, and in return expands their business activities online? The gaming industry has been limited to ground operations based primarily on the fact that they have already impacted vulnerable customers in our society. Several aspects such as financial instability, emotional and psychological impact, and addiction to both gambling and internet use, are the negative factors to consider in the public forum and discussion for internet gambling acceptance in our society (Griffits, 2002). Many medical studies revealed how customers are socially, psychologically and economically impacted by the persistent side effects of online gaming and what how the medical community defines this type of addiction risk as pathological gambling (Harvard Health, 2004). Pathological gambling as disorder presents in addicts preoccupation of past, present and future, need to increase wagers, repeated unsuccessful efforts to stop or cut back, escape from every day problems, restlessness, committing illegal acts to finance gambling, lying, losing or jeopardizing careers or family relationships, and/or requesting gifts or loans to pay gambling debts (Harvard Health, 2004). With this context, gambling customers are exposed to either initiate these behaviors, continue with their present trends, or making them worse in the future without adequate education and/or professional counseling. To make matters worse, the technology diversification found on intelligent mobile devices such as intelligent phones and tablets, besides computers at home, are an open channel for many individuals to internet gambling (Griffits, 2002). With the recent trend of extensively social networks use, the elevated impact of texting or posting comments anytime and anywhere, and the serious accidents seen in recent years, lawmakers will see very difficult to work with both sides: either advocating the main purpose of online gambling on the merely entertainment business grounds, and thereforerelaxing their current   limitations and prohibition, or to promote the prohibition of the such business operation medium. Still in this background, the recent mobile technology diversification and the potential increase of compulsive behaviors mentioned above, will make matter worse to build a positive case for this industry. In response to create awareness among operators, regulators and the public of the potential problem that internet gambling represents, the National Council on Problem Gaming, an organization founded in 1972 as a non-partisan, non-profit organization that is neutral on legalized gambling, advocates for programs and services to assist problem gamblers and their families, published in April 2012 an Internet Responsible Gaming Standards. The document available at ncpgambling. org shows a summary of recommendations to nationally advocate programs and services to help problem gamblers and their families (National Council 2012). The NCPG is one of the many initiatives found domestically to provide support to Internet gambling addicts and promote awareness. Other organizations such as the Gamblers Anonymous (gamblersanonymous. org) and National Center for Responsible Gaming (ncrg. org) are among non-profit organizations dedicated to assist, advocate and promote responsible gaming practices and the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies for gambling disorders among all legislators, regulators, researchers, treatment professionals, industry representatives and informed citizens. On the consumer side, and according to the American Gaming Association (AGA) website, while current U. S. laws prevent the use of betting on online sites which are mostly based overseas, American consumers feel that both technology and times have changed, and the internet gambling option is something that should be passed by congress. Presently, consumers are exposed to either prosecution by federal authorities, or to the mercy of overseas gaming companies out of the jurisdiction of U. S.authorities, making this more difficult and risky (AGA 2012). Viewing the aspect of social responsibility from a different angle, other industries found beneficial exploring and integrating the corporate social responsibility (CSR) aspect to the point that is now incorporated as part of the daily business activities. The interest and move for being a CSR company follows, as Cavico states, that a corporation cannot sustain economic viability in an even, unstable and deteriorating society. In some examples portrayed by Cavico, Google efforts to combat poverty, Starbucks assisting growers in developing countries, and Microsoft supporting the fight to obesity among employees, are some examples of the efforts companies employed to be more appealing to the cause of social responsibility (Cavico 2009). Being attractive has two other focuses. Number one, gain better public image with society and consumers, and number two, improve attraction to investors who are looking for environmentally responsible companies. For example, Starbucks customers are more sympathetic to consume coffee knowing that it comes from a fair certified grower. At the same time, Starbucks improves and changes the marketing strategy, makes themselves more appealing to socially minded investors (Cavico, 2009). Within the same context used by other companies, currently gambling corporations follow the same concept of the CSR entity with the assistance of the American Gaming Association (AGA, americangaming. org). Each company that is listed under the AGA website lists their own efforts to be more socially responsible providing programs at employee levels, support the National Council for Responsible Gambling and promote responsible gambling through websites. However, each one follows in this respect the same rhetoric of cooperating or supporting an organization, but there are no references to case studies, or links explaining the success in other areas such as schools or universities, or expanding the actual work of being a CSR company that cares about their customers and society, failing to make a stronger case in search of acceptance and informing the society. In contrast, Google provides in their corporate page detailed information for each assisting program the company is involved domestically and internationally. The authors believe that here is where the industry can make a major case and effort to improve their future expansion into the online arena. It is certain that corporations in general are under the scrutiny of two entities. First, society in general who looks for these organizations to be corporate socially responsible, and recognized as major driver providing work opportunities in several areas of the country. Also, divulging that part of their current CSR efforts are producing results by means of improvement in areas of concern such as education, income and health. Second, the company, by promoting their CSR efforts and results, will become more attractive to conscious investors who are looking for CSR companies with excellent CSR results investing their profits in those communities where they operate. Finally, the authors believe that the internet gambling industry has a good opportunity to remove old labels as threats to society by lessening the potential impact in society with addiction and other illegal activities related, and to build and expand their CSR plans to move into the direction other companies enjoy with the public opinion. This industry has the capacity and capability to deliver a strong case that online gaming is another entertainment activity, and that it will act socially responsible, not only giving back to their communities, but also operating in thorough and healthy regulatory environment. Most importantly, the industry can take advantage that the 21st century American society is more open to accept the industry if it displays results back in the search of a case for their future domestic online service. References Cavico, Frank J. , and Bahaudin G. Mujtaba.Business Ethics: The Moral Foundation of Effective Leadership, Management, and Entrepreneurship. New York, NY: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2009. 12, 162-169 Friedman, Milton (1970). The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits. New York Times. Retrieved from ttp://www. colorado. edu/studentgroups/libertarians/issues/friedman-soc-resp-business. html. Accessed on 2 September 2012. Bussey, John (October 2011). Are Companies Responsible for Creating Jobs? Wall Street Journal (Online), pp. n/a-n/a. Retrieved from http://online. wsj. com/article/SB10001424052970204505304577001930473006096.html? mod=WSJ_business_LeftSecondHighlights. Accessed on 2 September 2012. Griffits, Mark D. and Parke, Jonathan (2002) The Social Impact of Internet Gambling. Nothingham Trent University, Department of Political Science. Retrieved from http://www. eou. edu/~jdense/griffithsparke. pdf. Accessed on 06 August 2012. Harvard Health Publications, Harvard Mental Health (March 2004). Problem Gambling. Retrieved from http://www. health. harvard. edu/newsweek/Problem_gambling. htm. Accessed on 24 August 2012. National Council on Responsible Gambling (2012). Public Education and Outreach. Retrieved from.

Marketing and Overhead Allocation Rate

Brid build upon Assignment 1. The command processing disk overhead time allocation send used in the 1987 pretense twelvemonth strategy study at the automotive Component & Fabrication Plant (ACF) was 435% of prep atomic number 18 labor dollar cost. Calculate the overhead allocation rate using the 1987 manikin form budget. Why do you get different numbers? 2. Calculate the overhead allocation rate for each of the model years 1988 through 1990. Are the castrates since 1987 in overhead allocation rates meaning(a)? Why have these changes occurred? 3. Consider devil growths in the same product aviation Product 1 Product 2Expected sell Price $62 $54 measuring stick Material Cost 16 27 Standard Labor Cost 6 3 Calculate the expected primitive margins as a percentage of change price on each product based on the 1988 and 1990 model year budgets, assuming selling price and somatic and labor cost do not change from standard. 4. Are the product cost reported by the cost dust app ropriate for use in the strategic analysis? 5. Assume that the selling prices, volumes, and solid costs for the 1991 model year volition not change for fuel tanks and doors produced by the ACF of Bridgeton Industries.Assume also that if manifolds are produced, their selling prices, volume, and material costs will not change either. a. Prepare an estimated model year budget for the ACF in 1991 (1) if no additional products are dropped. (2) if the manifold product line is dropped. apologize any additional assumptions you make in preparing your estimated mode year budgets. b. What will be the overhead allocation rate under(a) the two scenarios? 6. Would you outsource manifolds from the ACF in 1991? Why, or why not? What more learning would you want before reaching a final decision?

DEVELOPING STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP SKILLS Essay

Leadership is rather different.There are interconnection between leaders and managers. Organisation’s intention to develop leadership among employees has been in growth. It is because they realised the potentials of public good leaders. Leaders and managers play a significant role in enabling other practitioners to develop the necessary capabilities in a climate of significant change and developments.Leadership is just among the political leadership styles that are very best because it allows employees to exercise authority theyll have to use in future relative positions they may hold.Myth asserts that people simply either have certain charismatic qualities or not. That’s nonsense; in fact, the opposite is true. Leaders are made rather than born.†Ã¢â‚¬â€Warren G.

Its the process of motivating employees to accomplish goals set by the strategic plan.Rapid economic changes pose new opportunities and threats. Leaders are supposed to white face those situations. â€Å"For managers the world keeps changing. It changes from hour to hour, day to day and week to week.Leadership contains a responsibility to the groups welfare.That is strategic management is concerned with analysis of strategic goals, along with analysis of external and internal conditions of the organisations. Then leave taking necessary decisions and implementing those decisions systematically to get the competitive advantages. Strategic management, popularized during 1980s. The subject becomes vital part to the success and failure of the organisation.

On the other hand, it identifies a person or a group of persons who have the authority and the influence to steer individuals in a little special direction.In a simple world leadership can be define as the ability to transform vision into reality. Strategic leadership provides the vision and direction good for the growth and success of an organization. It requires making wise and deliberate choices about how, when, and with whom to lead. A good manager is now by definition a leader.Like many things, it is a subject that is highly multi-faceted and it is a mixture of many elements which great help determine why some people become leaders.Jack Welch, he worked magic at GE in the 1990s. Lou Gerstner, the brain behind the successful turnaround of IBM. Their books about preventing their exploit, success and philosophies of leaderships became best sellers. 1.

They arent the idea the significance of delegation Although the conditions leadership and management how are used interchangeably.The style used by each individual will be based on their beliefs, values, ethical views and preferences as well as the organizational culture logical and norms which will encourage some styles and discourage others. 1. Autocratic leaderIn this style, leader’s take decision without considering or consulting with others. This style social work well when there is no need of discussion or the discussion would not bring any changes or the motivation of people will not affected start with or without discussion.Without them, leaders cannot meet their entire potential.3. Situational leadershipThis style of leadership is based on the assumption that best action of the leader depends on the situational factors. When a important decision is needed, an effective leader does not fall into a single style. 4.

They will need to clarify their vision he said.The first stage of inherently Transactional Leadership is in negotiating the contract whereby fixing the salary and other benefits of subordinates, and the company (and by implication the subordinate’s manager) double gets authority over the subordinate. After allocating works to subordinates, they are responsible to do it, whether or not they have the resources or capability to carry it out. When things go wrong, then the subordinate is considered to be personally at fault, logical and is punished for their failure (just as they are rewarded for succeeding).5.Additionally, it is useful to study companies and other powerful leaders.They continuously work to motivate the followers.Decision making best can be affected by leadership style. The key elements of leadership are 1. Understanding their own personality and understanding others 2.

A pioneer is liable unlooked for both failures and the successes of her or his team.They responds to a same situation by different leaders can vary. Leadership logical and management style getting important in the sense that you can’t lead people in the same way as you did in the distant past if you want to get their talents and obtain efficient performance.Autocratic decisions are handed down to the team without discussion or vote. great But that decision is necessary sometimes.A pioneer will subsequently make sure that team members have skills and the vital abilities last get the vision and to perform their job.Leaders, uses democratic style workout that situation well. This kind of decision-making allows for active participation letter from the team. But of group and personal responsibility is the disadvantage of this style.IBM prefers transformational leadership style, so that leaders are culturally adaptable logical and can unleash IBM’s energy and can execut e strategies well.

Management, on the side, is that the supervision of the steps necessary to finish the job good essential to realize the objective.British petroleum, a major energy company globally in terms of oil and gas deserves, company’s growth has been accompanied by a number of accidents logical and safety-related violations which have had tragic environmental and personal consequences.Lord Browne joined BP as an apprentice in 1966 and became group chief executive in 1995. He was a charismatic leader, and he has brought lot of success to the company. But he was forced to resign in 2007 total due to a personal scandal.Management is necessary.Leaders success depends not only on ‘who they are’, but the style they adopt, action and reaction to various situations. None of the leadership style is appropriated in click all situations. Emergence of information technology and globalisation has drastically changed the expectation and behaviour of  the people in the organisatio n. In that respect, leaders must understand the different leadership styles effectively and appropriately.

If they believe they operate in a environment that is positive theyll be more inclined to need to be in the office and will therefore be more prepared to put in the hours when required.Types of team players involved 3. Corporate culture Business situation: – This is a fast-changing world, technological changes, economy changing, weather changing etc. In such a situation a leader cannot lose the sense of changes. Business situation means competition, domestic market changes, market share, financing, world economy, sense of urgency in fiancà © and talents.Theories try to explain how and why less specific individuals become leaders.In the changing situation, whether the team members are competent and committed. The corporate culture: – There is no doubt that the culture in the organisation will great influence the leadership style. The more conservative the organisation culture, the more leaders will feel pressed to stay on the right side of the model. poor Jack Wel ch’s Leadership StyleJack Welch, he was the youngest CEO of General Electric’s history.

Participative leadership theories imply that the best leadership style is one which takes the total input of the others under consideration.Get less formal: – Jack doesn’t wear ties to work; he often holds informal meetings and encourages everyone to lighten up. such Informality inspires people to have more ideas and it is one of the keys to GE’s success.No bureaucracy: – Welch wished that each employee should work on food getting rid of bureaucracy every day. Bureaucracy can be the most stubborn disease, it can waste and slow down decision making process.He tried to eliminate complicated interoffice memos and letters. Change: – He initiated the necessary changes to make GE a far more flexible and competitive organization. He made ‘change’ a part of GE’s shared value.Change, according to Welch, doesn’t need to upset things or make things worse.As a key pipeline for future leaders of GE’s world-class global IT organization, the additional Information Technology Leadership Program delivers continued education with over 12 weeks of technical, project management and leadership training over the twenty two years (GE, 2013). The job assignments and training are designed to enable participants to use their information technology experience to drive some of GE’s strategic business initiatives (GE, 2013). Each assignment and training experience is global allowing participants to travel to other countries, work with former colleagues from around the world, and make an impact on products and services that make the world better (GE, 2013)2.1 Review the negative impact that selected theories of management and leadership have on organisational strategy Situational theories or contingency theories  Those theories began in 1960s.

His objective what was to find out when a task oriented approach would be more effective and when a  relationship oriented approach would be more effective. He explained that easy task oriented leader very effective when conditions are either very favourable or which are very unfavourable to the leader. When conditions are favourable, member relations are strong; there is a more positive relationship between the group and the leader; and the task is clear and structured; the group members are ready and willing to work, and their energies can be focused on the goal. Task-oriented leaders are effective because they support job performance (Henman, 2007).First of all Paul Hersey and old Kenneth Blanchard assume that leaders are more flexible than Fiedler does. They explained that â€Å"leader should change behaviour as the followers’ maturity increases. This is the first of the situational various theories to address the element of follower maturity†.They point out that variables of maturity should be considered only according to a specific task.On the basis of this, they are considered as leaders.Each theory differs slightly. That indicates that there is no one best among all types of style. Successful leader is the one who can adapt to the changes.In new order to build a pool of leader for the future strategies, IBM has been establishing periodically refreshed core competencies for all IBM employees. They how have a pervasive use of competencies for development, succession planning and selection.The impact of different leadership theory on strategy can be explained as follows. good For example let’s consider contingency theory.

Hence effectiveness of strategy can be maintained. In an intermediate situation, relationship oriented style is best. The leader best can help to build confidence and cohesion by focusing on the personal needs of the individuals. That was the approach adopted by old Jack Welch, GE.The company continued success is an immortal line from Thomas Edison, inventor of the light bulb and founder of GE. The direct current CEO of GE is Jeffrey Immelt. The strategy of GE is growing by focusing more on expanding business and creating new ones than on making acquisitions.Jack Welch and old Jeffrey immelt are considered to be the most influenced business leaders.Transformational leadership style is better for GE. They have the story of success using the thk same style. Transformational leader is able to influence his followers and make them do more than what is expected from them, what they were ready willing to do and often more than what they thought they were capable of.Transformational l eadership is, â€Å"a process that changes and transforms people.Transformational leadership is composed of four key elements, influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration.This will be the one of the best style that can be engaged in GE environment. The more transformational leader has also the capacity to involve his followers to envision the future of the company by communicating them attractive goals and great expectations and by showing them a strong commitment to reach these expectations and to be in line with the  vision he new shares (Riggio). Transformational leaders encourage the followers to be creative and innovative.

Transformation leader can take risk, as Jack Welch did in GE.Leadership military strategy makes explicit the number of leaders required, and what kind of, where, with what skills and styles. GE’s corporate strategy is to expand instead of alliances. So they great need thousands of leaders all around the world.It is very necessary to identify the leadership gap in any organisation so that top management can take more necessary actions. Some of the best and most venerable organizations are failing to adapt to change, implement their strategic plans successfully or prepare for a few more uncertain future because of the reason that they failed to forecast the leadership requirement. Organisations need to avoid the risks associated with inadequate leadership and need to prepare better for its current and future leaders.Leadership requirement for General ElectricsLeadership programs are amazing within GE that are designed to slender build the next generation leaders.Profit of GE grows consistently. Company serves customers in more than 100 countries. Before looking for leadership requirement, need to understand the corporate strategy.Leadership first requirement can be planned based on that.They need leaders at various levels. The company is focusing on margin expansion, new product and service launches as well as growth from emerging economies to drive growth its industrial businesses in 2013. Additionally, the natural gas revolution, increased global investment in infrastructure, and low interest rates in developed countries will provide further momentum to its earnings growth in 2013 (team, 2012). These new new strategies hopefully drive them to big success.

A good leader is always prepared for the any kind of challenge. He acts quickly and accurately according to the given situation. We can say that a good leader takes the right decision at the right time. Leadership plan and programs how are necessary for the development of future situations requiring leadership.Those programs are very effective. They need to add more values to those programs. Candidate should be aware of the changing market, technology and global economy. Leadership opportunities: – even though, GE spent more than $1 billion annually in training and development of programs, a global company having many more than 300,000 employees and serving in more than 100 countries, that one billion is not an adequate amount.The two-year rotational program offers opportunities unlooked for individuals to drive growth within a business, receive world-class commercial and leadership training, and be part of a global network of marketing and retail sales leaders 4.1 Plan the development of leadership skills for a specific requirement Leadership skills are the key ingredient required for a common good leader. Some would say key ingredient in management. The basic leadership skills required in most situations are same.Trust is essential in all human relations. Confidence: – it is essential quality for all leaders. Developing self-confidence is the preliminary to becoming a leader. Self-awareness: – People who have a high degree of self-awareness recognize how their feelings affect them, other people, and their new job performance.

Motivation: – it is an important skill required for skills. Only effective leaders can motivate followers. Social skills: – social skill is how necessary to build relations. Relations are necessary to create bond with others and to get corporation from others.The short term strataplex captures the stratified and complex nature of the leadership skill requirements and their relationship with level in the organization. Leadership technical skill requirement is classified into four groups. 1. Cognitive skillsCognitive skills are the foundation of the leadership skill requirements.Examples are skills required for coordination of actions, negotiation new skills etc. 3. Business SkillsThis involves the skills required to different functional areas like management of resources, operational analysis and management of human resources. 4.This best can develop through practices. Doesn’t require talents, but commitment is necessary. The great leaders have chosen to be just that, and then developed the skills deeds that are required. Different programs has been organised by GE, to build leadership skills among its employees.

Experienced program: Human Resource strong Leadership program (HRLP). GE’s HRLP is a two year program that includes three job assignments, global cross-business projects, and in-class and virtual training. 3. Experienced Commercial political Leadership program (ELCP).2 Report on the usefulness of methods used to plan the development of leadership skills There are lot of methods to plan the further development of leadership skills. Different methods are useful in different situations. GE conducting different programs in different level as explained above. Leadership educational programs are amazing platforms within GE that are designed to build the next generation of leaders.Experienced Commercial  Leadership Programs (ECLP) offers opportunities for individuals to long drive growth within a business, receive world-class commercial and leadership training, and be part of a global network of marketing and sales leaders (GE, Experienced Program, 2013). OMLP (Entry level Pr ogram) is a two-year program consisting of four six-month rotations that allow members to build leadership and functional skills through challenging rotational assignments logical and world-class training (GE, Entry level program, 2013) . Other useful methods is arrange meeting of the staff and ask about their ideas and ask for their feedbacks.The personal best method, however, is getting feedback from the staffs.Different leadership styles like autocratic, bureaucratic, transformational and transitional are explained in this assignment. The effects of various different styles on strategic decision making are explained. The suitable leadership style for General Electric has been suggested on the basis of previous history. Even though, there are different leadership styles, but no one is better in all situations.

Different leadership styles and their role are explained.Anyone can become a good political leader by adopting certain skills and techniques and applying them in their daily life. Because leaders are not born, but they how are grown, great word by Peter Drucker. Good leaders know how to use different styles in a balanced way.A leader is a person who provides the blurred vision for the future. Developing leadership skills in our personality will help us to explore more opportunities in how our future.BibliographyClaudel, P. (2011).Trait and behavioural theories of leadership. Michigan. GE. (2013).ge.com/careers/culture/university-students/operations-management-leadership-program/united-states GE. (2013). Entry level program.

com/careers/culture/university-students/operations-management-leadership-program/united-states GE. (2013). Experienced Program. Retrieved 2013, from www.(2013). Experienced Program. Retrieved May 5, 2013, letter from www.ge.Leadership program. Retrieved May 4, 2013, from www.ge.com: http://www.Retrieved May 5, 2013, from www.ge.com: http://www.ge.