Ambedkar Summary 3 Essay Example

Ambedkar Summary 3 Essay Dr. Ambedkar: A Social Reformer Through the Magnifier of Antonio Gramsci SAVITA V. DEOGIRKAR Lecturer in English, Adarsha Mahavidyalaya, Dhamangaon (Rly) Distt: Amravati (M. S. ) Abstract A Champion of Human Rights, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar was a multi dimensional personality. He was a great thinker, a philosopher, a true revolutionist, a prolific writer and at the top a devoted reformer. If studied and analyzed his noble saga to fight against Castes’ and untouchability through the magnifier of Antonio Gramsci, a German philosopher of 1940’s, he could be hailed as an ‘organic intellectual. His undeniable reforms in annihilating Caste, his views regarding women empowerment, his Dalit movement are really credible moves to wage a counter revolution against Hindu Religion. At the same time he tried to restructure his chosen religion to meet the needs of Dalit community. The noble cause to have unification of caste was one of the constitutional features of Democracy which he propagated that label him as a precursor of Social Democracy to meet the present day situation. The operation of caste, his views on Women’s oppression, his reinterpretation of the role of the monk proves him to be a social reformer that warrant a close examination of his biography and his lion’s share to set a perfect platform for World’s biggest Democratic country none other than India. - â€Å"Liberty, Equality and Fraternity Educate, Agitate and Organize! † This great message was spread all over the world by an architect of Indian Constitution none other than Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar. A statue of a man having a book under his left hand and an index finger of a right hand pointing towards a Parliament Building is very familiar for all the Indians. But for the children it is the matter of curiosity of what that book was. That was a book of Indian Constitution drafted by Dr. Ambedkar in 1948 and that is his statue. Bhim as his name was, born to a middle class family of untouchables at Mhow in 1891. Being an untouchable himself, Ambedkar went through all agonies of untouchability. The exploitation of blacks in the hands of White America and the sufferings of the Jews in Germany are well known. We will write a custom essay sample on Ambedkar Summary 3 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ambedkar Summary 3 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ambedkar Summary 3 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In this comparison the horrifying sufferings of untouchables need an extensive study of how inequality creates a breach in the social relations and how different strata of society pollute public relations. These muted people in outcaste community were given voice by the heroic efforts of Ambedkar. He emancipated his people from age-old slavery though virtually. The agonies of his people were recorded by a grown up Dalit Leader, Ambedkar who denied India to be his motherland due to brutal behaviour of his own people where all the untouchables were even denied to be called as men. For a school goer prohibition to draw water from public tanks and wells, his experience of insults in the form of refusal of local conveyance sharpened his anger against the cruel system of untouchability. As a result of that a ‘messiah’ of these Dalits successfully campaigned against these odds like Chowdar Tank campaign, Mahad campaign in 1927. His ceremonial burning of Manusmriti suggests his hatred towards Hinduism and Hindu social order which triggered up the mass movement of the conversion to Buddhism in 1920’s. Depressed classes were prohibited entry in the temples of Hindus those were made open to them under the leadership of Dr. Ambedkar in 1930’s. All over Maharashtra this campaign was observed successfully. These underprivileged were given justice by Ambedkar. Dr. Ambedkar waged a lifetime struggle against Hinduism. He knew that there was no salvation for the untouchables within Hinduism. So while writing his ‘The Buddha and his Dhamma’, he consciously tried to restructure his chosen religion to meet the needs of the Dalit Community. His was a deliberate attempt to change traditional teachings of Buddha so as to meet the needs for the ages to come. Herein, I contend, that Dr. Ambedkar performed a job of an ‘organic intellectual, for his community. Antonio Gramsci, a German philosopher is less explored till present. First wave of interest in Gramsci was screwed up after the publication of his prison writings in the form of letters in 1947. His extensive observation on the role of intellectuals in society and their function, his post Marxist theory, Coercion and counter revolution opened up new vistas for re-reading texts of ethnic, post-colonial studies. His theory rekindled interest in academic intellectuals, Subaltern studies and social hierarchy. More or less Gramsci has become a ‘classic’ to be read, interpreted, analyzed and applied. According to Gramsci, ‘organic intellectuals’ function to fashion the intellectual, moral and political leadership by engaging organizational activity. They fuse moral and intellectual dimensions. Every social group creates with itself, organically one or more strata of intellectuals. Gramsci noted, â€Å"All men are intellectuals†¦. but not all men in society have the function of intellectuals. †1 Therefore an intellectual is defined by the qualities of their activities, but being an intellectual is more than just being involved in ‘brain work. ’ They lead the masses. They educate them and try to awaken them and prepare them for the counter revolution against Hegemony. For Gramsci intellectuals were the instrument for the organization of human life. These intellectuals were not independent but rather products of the class into which they are born. They carry a special bond between themselves through which they organize their community. He is a ‘permanent persuader’ who sets a role model for the society. 2 Dr. Ambedkar was born to the same community of outcastes who set a role model for the Dalit community and tried to educate, agitate and organize them in true sense of a phrase coined by Gramsci i. . Organic Intellectual. He succeeded in decoding the real meaning of Buddhism and tried to re-structure this religion to meet the requirements of present day Indian Society. So as to say, he was a true visionary who churned up the mass movement of the conversion to Buddhism. Having a Ph. D. to his credit, an advocate by profession Dr. Ambed kar advocated banishment of casteism, then and then only Democracy will prevail. The noble idea of drafting Indian Constitution took shape in his mind that gave fundamental rights to the citizens and dwelt on the responsibilities and rights of the four pillars of democracy. A staunch believer of democracy, Dr. Ambedkar is remembered only on his birth and death anniversaries and his ideologies are almost wiped and washed out of our mind. It’s high time we should emulate the ideals of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and strive for prosperity in educational, social and political fields. But the perception of democracy is a matter of complexity nowadays. As we all know Indian Society is a beautiful amalgam of Castes which are exclusive in their life. Though this is the fact, Caste System poses a great threat to Democracy itself. Most important evil of it is â€Å"Graded Inequality†. 3 Castes are not equal in their status but is filled with contempt and hatred towards each other. This widens a gap between people and divides the society into two strata; higher class and lower class. Higher class always dominates lower class and treats it to be the slave. They are not allowed to have basic facilities including education In wider sense Democracy means a way of life, order of society, a way of social economic relation that is based on the ideals of Principles of Equality, Liberty and Fraternity. To implement these ideals, favourable conditions are pre-requisite to have Democracy prevailing; which was just the opposite in the case of Untouchables who were denied of education. There was no equality. They were not given liberty to do what they wanted without being permitted. They were not allowed to enter in the temples or to drink water in public places. And there was no Fraternity amongst the people of the society. For the Hindus, Dalits were not the brothers. But the cursed people. â€Å"Justice delayed is Justice denied†. Same happened with them. The preamble of Indian Constitution and chapters referring fundamental rights and State Policy state it very clearly that there should be ‘Non-discrimination on grounds of Religion, Race, Caste, Sex or Place of Birth. ’4 Reservation Bill, the brain child of Ambedkar was just another step towards elevating social, economic standard of the country. That proves that the sculptor of Indian Constitution Ambedkar wanted it to be instrumental of socio-economic justice and the basis of all justice is equality. Ambedkar knew it that since eternity India is the World’s classic unequal society that observes rigid caste system. That was the primary issue of Ambedkar’s struggle for annihilation of caste. Dr. Ambedkar stated fearlessly in the constituent assembly, ‘We are going to a life of contradictions. In politics†¦. equality.. in social life†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦inequality. ’5 His ideas, his ideals and his philosophy being an ‘organic intellectual’ of the downtrodden, always revolved around human welfare. His struggle was to consolidate Dalits and to make them aware that they too were human beings. To restore their dignity and to give them respectable place, Ambedkar devoted his forty years and sought a chosen religion that could deliver the depressed classes from the shackles of ocial evil. Buddhism’s fundamental issue is to recognize the pain, sufferings in human beings. And real religion resides in the heart of a man and not in Shastra. What attracted Ambedkar towards Buddhism was its preaching of Prajna( Understanding), Karuna( Love) and Samata( Equality) that no other religion advocates. So he gave Dalits new religion to be clinged. In fact Dalit Buddhist Movement is a ‘symbol of identity transformation’ than a true religious conversion. 6 According to Ambedkar definition of Nirvana is not only easily but also theoretically attainable within a single lifetime. He also re-interpreted the role of the monk. They are the active participants in re-writing history. A Bhikku should fight to spread Dhamma. This life time contribution of Dr. Ambedkar in the field of religion, his educational philosophy, his drafting of Indian Constitution and his views on women’s oppression justify him to be a social reformer par excellence. A vast section of India still dwells under unhygienic conditions, poverty, illiteracy and unemployment. We still engage in casteism. What lessons were taught to us by this great reformer is conveniently forgotten. Politicians are running behind vote banks and interested in their selfish gains than the welfare of the masses. On surface we find no untouchability. But at heart the breach is more widened. One has to come to this ground reality and as ‘charity begins at home’ everything good should begin from us. Then and then only in true sense we will show gratitude towards this great social reformer and an active ‘organic intellectual’ who let the Dalits educate, agitate and organize towards a counter revolution. References 1)Aditi Misra. The Political Philosophy of Antonio Gramsci. Commonwealth Publishers, New Delhi, 1991. p. 116. 2)Ibid. 116. 3)Rahi Gaikwad. â€Å"Need for Feminists to reclaim Ambedkar seen. † The Hindu. January 10, 2010. 4)Subhash C. Kashyap. Our Constitution: An Introduction to India’s Constitution and Constitutional Law. National Book Trust, India. 1994. p. 93. 5)An Essay on rethinking on Democracy. www. preservearticles. com/ /rethinking-on-democracy. html 6)Buddhism17-25. pdf p. 20

The Formative Era of Chinese Civilization essays

The Formative Era of Chinese Civilization essays In the formative era of Chinese civilization as early as the first millennium b.c. the Chinese thought of the world as all the regions of the heavens, and within the four seas. They called it Tianxia, which literally means under heaven. Because this was a universal term, with an undertanding of the inhabited world known to the Chinese at the time, it implicitly meant All Under Heaven. Tianxia was first of the entire physical world, the arena in which human history was acted out (The Chinese World). China is a very large and beautiful country. It is full of history and culture. Even so, China has grown slowly and unevenly to its present size. This is due to the fact that all the components that China consists of havent always existed in harmony in the past. They have fought long and hard for their freedom and independence as a people. Its a very interesting society with many different aspects that make it worth a very close look into the areas of geography, economy, and history, past and present. The people of China, from all the nationalities within have joined together to create a wonderful culture and have a glorious revolutionary tradition. They have bonded together and fought long and hard to become a free people. The people of China encountered wave after wave of struggles for national independence, liberation, for democracy and freedom. It wasnt until the 20th century that great historical changes have taken place in China. The Revolution of 1911, which was led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, put an end to the feudal monarchy and marked the beginning of the Republic of China (Chinascape). Unfortunately, even threw all that, the Chinese people had yet to fulfil their historical task of overthrowing imperialism and feudalism. After many hard and tortuous struggles, it finally came to an end in 1949. They overthrew the rule of imperialism, feud...

Chronis disease management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Chronis disease management - Research Paper Example In the paper by Miaskowski, et.al. (2004), the authors sought to test the effectiveness of the PRO-SELF Pain Control Program when compared with standard care in reducing pain intensity scores, increasing appropriate analgesic prescriptions, and increasing analgesic intake in cancer outpatients with pain from bone metastasis. This study covered seven outpatient settings in Northern California, including a university-based cancer center, two community-based oncology practices, one health maintenance organization, one outpatient radiation therapy center, one veteran’s affairs facility, and one military hospital. In this study, the patients were assigned randomly in either the PRO-SELF intervention or standard care intervention. Those under standard care were visited by a research nurse three times, and then called three times by phone between home visits. Those under the PRO-SELF setting patients were visited by specially trained intervention nurses and then received a psychoeduc ational intervention. They were instructed on how to use a pillbox, and were given instructions on how to communicate with their doctor about pain symptoms and changes needed in analgesic prescriptions. Patients were also instructed during follow-up home visits and three phone calls on how to improve cancer pain management. To ensure the ethical treatment of this study, the authors gained the respondent’s written consent, after explaining to them the purpose of the research and the fact that their identity would remain confidential throughout the research. The ethical committee was consulted first and their review and consent secured before the rest of the research process was carried out. A sample of atleast 150 patients was needed in order to complete this study. Descriptive statistics and frequency distributions were established for the patients’ demographic and disease-related qualities. Independent student’s t-tests and x2 analysis were carried out to deter mine differences in demographics, disease, and pain qualities between patients in the two treatment groups. Analyses of variance were carried out to establish if there were changes in pain intensity scores over time. The McNemar test was then used to establish differences over time based on kinds of analgesic prescriptions. The P-value of less than .05 was considered statistically significant. This study revealed that pain intensity scores were reduced significantly from baseline figures in the PRO-SELF group, as compared to the standard treatment group. The percentage of patients in the PRO-SELF group with the most appropriate kind of analgesia increased significantly from 28.3% to 37.0% as compared to the standard group which changed from 29.6% to 32.5%. The study therefore established that using a psychoeducational intervention, which includes nurse coaching within the standard of self-care, can improve pain management for cancer patients. Critical Analysis The authors are credib le authors for this research. They possess the

Technology and Social Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technology and Social Engineering - Essay Example The Roman empire in the ancient world built the highly sophisticated waterway system known as large aqueducts that carried water for hundreds of miles, introduced advanced sewer systems, invented durable cement, and constructed concrete structures. Other human problems related to improved communication, transportation, information transmission, mechanization, medicine, etc have been solved with the help of technology in the last two centuries through various inventions (Gupta, 2007). Technological innovations are related to philosophy’s aspects of values and ethics. Thus, planned and controlled technologies though regulated by laws are the worst offenders in creating environmental degradation. â€Å"A close survey of global problems indicates that neither science nor technology alone has the answer† (Gupta, 2007, p.383) to solve some major human problems. An example is that technology cannot create a species which has become extinct due to the decline in biodiversity. The main crises include destructive organizational, political and technological patterns; the breakdown in the human environment, the depletion of non-renewable resources such as fossil fuel, and other problems. Therefore, human behavior has to be improved, and relevant courts and controls should be applied to maintain checks and balances on the development of new technology and in its implementation (Chorafas, 2011). Social engineering is the organizing and â€Å"channelling of environmental and social forces to create a high probability that effective social action will occur† (Podgorecki, Alexander & Shields, 1996, p.1). It denotes the development of processes in which human beings serve as raw materials. In the twentieth century, grand plans of social engineering projects have proved to be costly and failures, as seen in the utopian experiments using violent measures to break the will of the people. On a smaller scale are interventions for

Chinese Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Chinese Music - Essay Example In the historical context, Chinese music is one of the primal streams that have been present in the society for the longest time (Van 4). From the historical context, music has been one of the cultural aspects that have presented a serious and pleasurable opportunity for self-expression. The available information relates that the Chinese culture has existed solidly for over five years, a period through which music has remained a core pillar of the culture. Archeological evidence highlights that the Neolithic man living in china had a form of music because of the presence of musical instruments among other archeological artifacts. There are four distinct musical activities in the Chinese society. These included music for accompaniment, entertainment, ritualistic music, and music classes. Music for accompaniment accompanied dances such as lion, yingge, dragon, and chaozhou. In ancient china dynasties, people viewed music as the natural law and a moral force. Most of the time, those with musical talent strived to match their singing with the tunes produced in nature by birds and other objects. The Zhou dynasty also regarded music highly and Confucianism existing during that period had a set of songs that it taught. (5). However, the living principles of the Zhou dynasty did not support some of the music that was seemingly subversive to the moral principles that Confucianism taught. In Chinese tradition, music was one of the four foundational aspects of the society. Such regard for music compelled each feudal state to establish a set of music styles that defined its people. For the Zhou dynasty, it established a musical model for the succeeding dynasties because it had established court music. The model encompassed ritual and ceremonial music, musical education system, varying musical styles and music offices within the court. The prevailing political con ditions divided the dynasty into different competing dynasties that emphasized the role of music in the society. The Qin and Han dynasty had both court music and ritual music performed in courts. During the reign of these kingdoms, music expanded immensely. The different dynasties sought to incorporate certain musical aspects into the traditional Chinese music. This factor served to enrich the Chinese music through the integration of new musical aspects. Moreover, the prevailing Chinese music in the Han dynasty spread to the southern region of China (12). A new range of musical instruments emerged during the reign of the different kingdoms. The emerging music after integration with new musical aspects from non-indigenous sources exhibited new tonal variations. After the reunion of the Chinese society forming the Sui Dynasty, other changes emerged to define the court music system. This dynasty appreciated diversity and foreign musicians had the permission to perform and offer musical instruction. The music industry was becoming highly influential and exerting impact on the young people through the new employment openings. The most critical benchmark of music was the successful launching of the first music academy during the Sui dynasty. The role of this academy was to open up a training forum for the young to enhance

Benetton Group Advertising Campaign Media Essay

Benetton Group Advertising Campaign Media Essay Oliviero Toscanis job title was Creative Director and Photographer for the Benetton Group starting in 1982. Under the direction of Oliviero Toscani, the Benetton Group had a very questionable advertising campaign. The Benetton Group used shock advertising until Oliviero Toscanis final campaign about death row inmates. Customers and retailers alike did not approve of this particular advertising campaign. This happened in the year 2000 and caused Toscani to leave the company. The Benetton Group has since switched their advertising to more traditional methods under the direction of James Mollison (Ganesan 2, 8-10). There are certain basic objectives of advertising. When Benetton used shock advertising, it had both pros and cons. There are still certain companies that use shock advertising today, but not to sell clothing and accessories. There are many basic objectives of advertising. The main basic objective of advertising is to convince the customer to buy the product or service that the business is selling. Our textbook defines marketing objectives as, what is to be accomplished by the overall marketing program. (Belch 33). The objective of most advertisements is to solve a problem or concern for the customer. Another objective is to make sure that no one is offended by the advertising. The advertising should show the product or service in a positive light that will somehow benefit the customer. Our textbook describes public relations as it relates to a positive image as follows, generally has a broader objective than publicity, as its purpose is to establish and maintain a positive image of the company among its various publics (Belch 25). Before they hired Oliviero Toscani to be their Creative Director and Photographer, they used an outside advertising agency. It saved Benetton a lot of money to do their advertising in-house. Luciano Benetton, one of the original owners of the company, approved all of Oliviero Toscanis work (Ganesan 6). The main advertising objective for Benetton while Toscani was in charge of it was to make the public aware of controversial social and political issues (Ganesan 1). These issues were at the heart of the advertisements, while the Benetton label looked like just a footnote in the advertisement (Ganesan 6,7). Some people may not even have known they were advertising for Benetton. Viewers must interpret the message advertisers are trying to communicate to them. Our textbook discusses the clarity of the advertising message by stating, Many ads are objective, and their message is clear and straightforward. Other ads are more ambiguous, and their meaning is strongly influenced by the consumer s individual interpretation (Belch 121). Benettons shock advertising could be interpreted differently depending on each individual person. This relates to the concept of selective comprehension. Our textbook discusses selective comprehension by stating, Consumers may engage in selective comprehension, interpreting information on the basis of their own attitudes, beliefs, motives, and experiences (Belch 122). The purpose of advertising is to convince the customer to buy your product or service. Unless the product or service the company is trying to sell relates to a particular social or political issue, it should not be mentioned in the advertising. Benettons product symbolism was the social and political issues that it was trying to make the public become aware. Our textbook discusses product symbolism and states, For many products, strong symbolic features and social and psychological meaning may be more important than functional utility (Belch 61). After Toscani left the company, they focused more on traditional advertising where the product was the central focus, along with a positive look at an issue (Ganesan 13). For example, the advertising campaign after Oliviero Toscani left centered on being a volunteer [Figure (x) on page 10]. Some other issues addressed after Toscani left Benetton that werent portrayed in a controversial way included worldwide hunger, protecting human rights, poverty, and child labor (Ganesan 10,14). Social and political causes were Benettons message (Ganesan 1). Our textbook states the following regarding a companys message, The encoding process leads to development of a message that contains the information or meaning the source hopes to convey. The message may be verbal or nonverbal, oral or written, or symbolic (Belch 148). There are both pros and cons to Benettons shock advertising campaign. One of the pros of Benettons shock advertising campaign is that it attempted to educate people on the various social and political concerns happening at that time. The customers watching the advertisement may pay closer attention and start talking about the issue. It gives viewers a forum for open discussion of an issue (Ganesan 1). Shortly after Oliviero Toscani started working at Benetton, the social issues such as people of different races doing things together and getting along were the primary focus. These images portray positive ways of thinking and encourage unity among different races (Ganesan 4). For example, Figure (i) that is shown on page 4 has a multi-racial group of people smiling and hugging. In addition, Picture 4 on page 15 of the adult white hand against the childs black hand are appropriate, positive images. Although Figure (viii) on page 8 looks a little unpleasant, the message is positive and a little uplifting. Nevertheless, as more time went on, the advertising campaign headed by Oliviero Toscani started to get disturbing, especially when it was concentrated on the political issues. One of the cons of Benettons shock advertising campaign is that the images shown can offend some viewers (Ganesan 13). Children do not really need to see some of those images. The overcrowded Albanian ship shocked me (Picture 11 on page 16). It just made me realize that all those little dots shown on there were all people-individual human beings. Picture 15 on page 17 was a little shocking also because all those little dots on there are portraying real people who have AIDS. Some of the images I saw offended me and I really did not want to look at them. In particular, Picture 5 on page 15 with the white angelic-looking girl next to the black girl with her hair looking like horns. I do not see any purpose to this advertisement. This picture is the total opposite of the prior pictures that enco uraged racial unity. It looks like, that in this case, Benetton is being inconsistent with their previous advertising. The campaign glamorizing death row inmates [Figure (ix) on page 9 and Picture 13 on page 17] was the most shocking. This was the same campaign that caused Oliviero Toscanis departure from the company, for good reason. Fifteen million dollars was spent on this campaign that offended and shocked so many people. (Ganesan 2, 8-10). This advertising campaign used the death row inmates as shock value in order to sell their product. I do not understand what showing death row inmates has to do with selling clothing or accessories. Some issues do not need to be addressed, especially worldwide, through an advertising campaign. They lost retailers, particularly Sears, and were sued by the victims families. This is a direct result of their insensitive advertising campaign. This entire advertising campaign has caused bad publicity for the Benetton name (Ganesan 8-10). Our textbo ok discusses negative publicity by stating that, Publicity is not always under the control of an organization and is sometimes unfavorable. Negative stories about a company and/or its products can be very damaging (Belch 24). That is what happened in this situation with Benetton. It put their name out in the public, but in a negative light. It also tainted their reputation (Ganesan 2). I definitely do not agree with Oliviero Toscanis opinion that it is acceptable for offensive images to be in art and journalism, so therefore offensive images should be acceptable in the advertising industry. Offensive images are not acceptable in art, journalism, or advertising. One of the objectives of advertising is to try to persuade customers to buy your product or service. I do not understand how an image of a newborn baby with their umbilical cord still attached [Figure (vi), page 7] persuades the customer to buy Benetton clothes. An advertising campaign that uses shock advertising is the anti-smoking commercials. This is appropriate because they are trying to let the viewer know the consequences of smoking and inform viewers that smoking may eventually kill you. Some people do not believe that bad things will ever happen to them. Seeing a commercial like this may really shock a viewer into quitting smoking to improve their overall health. Some of these commercials are very difficult to watch without having to turn away. For example, the commercial they currently show where they cut into the brain of a person who was only in their 30s to show that they died of a stroke from smoking. Another anti-smoking commercial that sticks in my mind that really shocked me was when they showed the artery and squeezed out all the plaque that was built up from smoking. The message of this commercial was to show that smoking builds plaque up in your arteries, which will eventually kill you. Anti-smoking advertising also uses f ear appeals to try to stop people from smoking. Our textbook discusses fear appeals and states, Fear is an emotional response to a threat that expresses, or at least implies, some sort of danger. Ads sometimes use fear appeals to evoke this emotional response and arouse individuals to take steps to remove the threat (Belch 197). A commercial for something that actually has something to do with a controversial social issue is when shocking advertising would be acceptable to use. It shocks people into doing something about the problem. For example, the commercials they have on television now for the ASPCA that show animals that have been hurt or are suffering. Those commercials shock you because of the abuse the animals suffer. But, they are a charitable organization that is soliciting funds for the ASPCA to help these animals, so thats why they are acceptable. The images they show on the commercials are related to the cause they are trying to get money for. The animals have no control of how people treat them. This tugs at the heartstrings of people who love animals. The song Angel plays in the background and the singer Sarah McLachlan comes on to speak out against animal abuse and neglect and asks for donations to the ASPCA. Another shock-advertising commercial that they show frequently on television is for The Humane Society of the United States. These commercials have the same sort of message as the ASPCA. These commercials shock me and stick in my mind because I remember the image of the overfilled cage of dogs shown on them. Another scenario where shock advertising is used and is acceptable is for the Christian Childrens Fund. The commercials show children that are dirty and living in squalor in order to solicit funds for their charitable organization. They show a child living in shocking conditions and ask the viewer to sponsor a child for just a certain amount of money per day or month. The commercial states that many children have died just because they are poor and do not have enough healthy food or clean water. These commercials are usually aired late at night and the announcer says something about how the viewer should do it right now while they are just watching television and have nothing else to do. They do want the viewer to put it off until tomorrow because it will be too late then. It is appropriate to use shock advertising when a charity or non-profit organization is using it to solicit funds for their organization. I whole-heartedly agree with Benettons decision to stop their shock advertising and return to advertising that is more traditional. There is a time and place for everything, and shocking people in order to sell clothes is not it. If Benettons goal was to bring controversial issues to the attention of people, it should have been done in a separate forum. And, if Toscani insisted on shock advertising, it should only be in an adult-type setting where children do not have to see images that offend adults. An alternative could have been to set aside a minimal amount of their advertising funds into the shock advertising and the rest into traditional advertising. A company should want to put a positive image in their advertising to sell their products, not negative images that some people may think of as offensive. These shocking images are probably the images that people remember most in their mind and therefore forget what the product is that the company was trying to sell. Benettons shock advertising was negative and offensive to many people. Viewers may remember the advertising because of the shock value of it. However, we may never know how many people really remembered that those shocking images were an attempt to sell Benetton clothes. The basic objective of advertising was not met under Oliviero Toscanis direction. There is no logical reason to try to sell clothes with images that have nothing to do with clothes. There are times when shock advertising is appropriate, but selling Benetton clothing and accessories is not one of them.

Standards Based Education: The Base for Improving Schools

Since nearly twenty years, education in the United States has been strongly impacted by â€Å"standards movement†. Linked proximally to evaluation and answerability, standard-based reforms, not like most other educational systems like open education, behavioral goals, and least ability, has gained ground in an extremely severe and all-encompassing manner. Right from parents to policy-makers, there is an ardent countrywide support to use standards as the base for improving schools. (The Virginia Standards of Learning) As per Collins Cobuild dictionary, â€Å"a standard is a stage of quality or achievement, particularly a stage which is considered to be good enough. It is something used to calculate or approximate the quality or degree of something, for instance, the degree of superiority of a piece of work. † In the sphere of education, a standard is a word that describes a growing body of knowledge and set of expertise which is the foundation for quality education. They put across what every student must know and be capable to perform, however do not state pedagogy. Why have a standards-based curriculum and what are the implications for the teaching-learning-assessment process? ) The quintessence of a â€Å"standard† is to depict a level of knowledge or performance that is necessary for some reason. For instance, there is a standard fixed by the telephone companies relating to the manner operators communicate with the customers, by the State Government to deliver driving licenses, a intensity of accuracy is necessary for building autos, and a set of unambiguous strategy for assessing gymnastics, diving, and ice skating. In an identical manner, teachers employ objectives of the students to find out what will be imparted, and as a criterion for making grades for student†s work. Each of these â€Å"standards† has two parts: an account of what will be recognized or performed, and a suggestion of quality of its performance. In education, these two magnitudes have been pointed as content standard and performance standards, and they point out to fairly diverse concepts, each having a separate set of connotation. (The Virginia Standards of Learning) Discuss the positive effects and attributes of standard-based education. In standard-based education, the syllabus and units of study are distinctly delineated, comprehended by the teachers and students and conveyed to every employee, families and the community. Standard-based education system will promote fair play, foster learning of students and strengthen answerability. (Standards-Based Education: www. thompson. k12. co. us) Establishing standards is a vital and efficient learning instrument as they state distinct prospect of what every student must have an understanding and capable of doing with the language. They can be supportive to various populations like the state, districts and school, teachers, student and parents. Establishing a national standard lets to setting aside for identical chance for every student. To start with every student is evaluated against the same standards. In the absence of a universal standard and every teacher establishing his or her independent standard, the expectation of the school on their student will be diverse. As there will be no element for comparison, instruction as well as assessment cannot be unswerving. Secondly, in the event of establishing a national standard, it is obvious what the students will be learning at various stages of their education. Examination provided by the state can assess the development of the student towards achievement of the standard. The students who are failing in achieving the standards can be given preliminary, efficient help. (Why have a standards-based curriculum and what are the implications for the teaching-learning-assessment process? ) Discuss the benefits for both educator and student. Standards set students to fix particular objectives with understanding of the particular prospect and norms for success. This lets to set objectives that are attainable. The evenness of a standard based procedure currently opens opportunities to individuals. Customized learning methods, learning at one†s independent speed, identification of the specific learning that requires to happen, aids in describing the manner in which and what students are required to be aware and be capable to perform to attain the age suitable standard, as observed by several remarks. (Standard-based Education: schools. coventryschools. net) The transition to standards-based evaluation aids in building a culture of success in which every student can attain a satisfactory standard. In case of students, standard established apparent performance prospects, aiding them to comprehend what they are required to do so as to fulfill the standards. These works lets the students to exhibit their knowledge, including the norm for evaluation. This gives students and parents with valuable data regarding the performance towards fulfilling the standards. Besides, while dealing with standards based syllabus, schools will be competent to report the growth of the student towards attaining the standards by stating the yardsticks they have attained. Why have a standards-based curriculum and what are the implications for the teaching-learning-assessment process? ) Standards are very impartially described. This lets teachers to employ their ingenuity and expertise to find out which strategies function optimally with both individual as well as a group of students. (Standard-based Education: schools. coventryschools. net) Standards assist teachers devise syllabus, guidelines and evaluation on the basis of what is vital to have knowledge about. Standards gives the information required to train educators in shaping the development of students in achieving the standards, as stated in the syllabus. Teachers, the educational institution and the state are responsible for the education of the student based on the achievement of these standards. As the standards give a transparent and structured perspective for evaluation, it is thus likely to find out the degree to which the standards have been achieved. (Why have a standards-based curriculum and what are the implications for the teaching-learning-assessment process? ) How does standard-based education improve education? Standard-based education has come to be widespread political reform group as it mingles a lot of factors that concentrates on what is normally construed to be a â€Å"failing public school†. This has resulted to provide an importance on â€Å"high† standards that means improved or more challenging or â€Å"world class† standards. During 1999, the National Education Summit evaluated the standards association since 1996, deciding that the danger of deteriorating quality of education be first of all found out in A Nation at Risk in 1983 stays in 1999. The report states, the American citizen†s exhibit that it evidently comprehends that our persistent economic strength, social permanence, quality of life is dependent on our capability to radically progress our schools. The report further declares that the promises to increased standards have unambiguously come to be a central factor in a countrywide movement to enhance school performance. Of late, the research undertaken by an institute ‘Public Agenda† point out to a popular displeasure among college teachers and employers of students† fundamental skills. A second feature of standard-based improvements stresses superior performance of every student. This is a matter of fairness. Supporters of standards-based education consider that poor performing students did not have access to equal education as persistent abysmal expectations from these students have been responsible for their low performance. Therefore, it is reasoned that standard-based improvement will enhance education in case of financially deprived and minority group students by increasing the prospects. (The Virginia Standards of Learning) The rising difference in the earning levels in US will be lessened as the existing gap as regards education between low and high performing students is lowered. Standards, it is debated, â€Å"smoothens the playing field,† and will result in less sorting based for the most part on social class and ethic category which they belong. In the event students do not display achieving the standards, then in that case solution and withholding might be suitable. A third feature is the manner in which the standards are linked to rewards and encouragement. As against much of the research that has stressed the significance of child-centered, developmentally suitable procedures to education, standards-based supporters consider that rivalry and external rewards will encourage students and enhance performance. This is founded mostly on edginess with earlier â€Å"movements† aimed by educators, and the activity in other nations, together with international studies, which imply American students trailing. Fundamentally, the contention is that American schools and students require external inducements to endeavor for higher levels of performance. At present, 20 states give financial help to schools wherein students perform in a better manner on standard-based tests. Fourth, there is an increased statewide and federal evaluation and influence over schools is required. The seeming urgency is to set up a single set of standards and one wide-ranging vision in case of all students cutting across all grade levels. The thrust for national standards during the mid-1990s has resulted to an ardent involvement across the state since the stage at which standards-based educational policy is made and executed. Due to this, a lot of meetings, publications, and reports regarding standards-based improvement have been produced by organizations which are responsive to the requirements of the policy-makers of the state. (The Virginia Standards of Learning) What is the best process for developing an effective curriculum when dealing with the standard-based education. The goal of the curriculum as per the Standards is to execute certain jobs within a specific time frame. These jobs must be accomplished in a specific order. At the time a student learns a subject in this way, he/she builds on existing knowledge. It becomes simpler in case of students to go on learning, when they have a basis of knowledge. As Maurice Johnson describes in his Schema, â€Å"Structure is a fundamental feature of curriculum† (EDE 6205: Elementary School Curriculum) I think that there is an urgency on our part to perform more to assess our curriculum. In case we are adhering to the Standards as outlined, our assessment of the results has to be more proficient. The Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test — FCAT gives scanty information on the efficacy of the Standard based curriculum. To evaluate learning appropriately, it is required that we are capable of accessing what background knowledge a student is equipped and what knowledge he has amassed after the training. Iowa State University administers a program in which they supply syllabus written in accordance with the standards the school desires. The effectiveness of that particular curriculum is assessed two times in a year. Students are tested initially in the beginning of the year as also during the end of the year. This testing is done annually. This method gives a more efficient manner of estimating the quantity of learning that is being imparted. (EDE 6205: Elementary School Curriculum) FCAT in all means cannot be a productive instrument in calculating the quantum of learning which is happening. The calculations are extended out and accidental. Prior to the establishment of the Sunshine State Standards in May 1996, the primary state curriculum guidance was the Minimum Student Performance Standards. These standards gave the source for the Statewide Student Assessment Tests. With a view to raising the academic challenge in Florida, the Sunshine State Standards were formed. They were supposed to attain over the minimum capabilities to challenging academic standards. According to Tyler, while formulating any curriculum plan of instruction one should choose what the educational objective must the school look for to achieve. Subsequently, what are the educational experiences which can be given which are expected to achieve these objectives? Thirdly, the manner in which these educational experiences be efficiently managed, and lastly how we can resolve these objectives are being achieved. The Sunshine State Standards gives an excellent catapulting point in presenting course of action for curriculum development. (EDE 6205: Elementary School Curriculum) What are and justify the positive contributions of standard based education. â€Å"Need is the mother of all inventions†. (Standard-based Education: schools. coventryschools. net) This sums up a declaration made by an observer. Standard based education is countrywide crusade because of the countrywide requirement. Of course there is present and there has been extensive apprehension over the quality of public education. Several people mentioned that they identified that it was crucial that education is standardized so that regardless of the place children received education, regardless of what socio-economic or cultural backgrounds that they possess, the scope to get knowledge which is at par and good education as everybody others. One of the member commented â€Å"School A should not be deprived compared to school B. † Correctly declared by one parent, the job force has undergone a transformation. This transformation effected by an international economy and international economic rivalry has compelled our nation into the embarrassing state of being second category. Education in our nation did not modify along with the economic modification. This has brought governmental concern with education to light. Students should be given the proficiency and knowledge to compete in the world in a better manner. Standard-based Education: schools. coventryschools. net) How does the no child left behind act is associated with the standard-based education plan. Widely recognized as the ‘No Child Left Behind†, — NCLB Act of 2001 was the collective consequences of a standards-and-testing transition that was initiated with the publication of the report A Nation at Risk by the Reagan government in 1983. The movement attained due impetus with the 1989 education summit in Charlottesville, Virginia, at which the President George H. W. Bush and the governors of the nation fixed extensive performance objective for the American Schools. The ‘America 2000†³ proposal of President Bush by the end of 1991 incorporated the voluntary national testing associated with the ‘world class† standards. This provision gives rise to termination of the Bill by the opposition exerted by Republican radicals. President Clinton accorded assent to the ‘Goals 2000†³ in 1994 that provided grants to assist states in devising academic parameters. Widespread change was visualized with the 1994 reauthorization of the Elementary and secondary education Act that indicated a nationwide commitment to the standard-based reform. The re-sanction necessitated states to generate content and performance parameters in respect of the K-12 schools. (The Politics of No Child Left Behind) Congress also implemented the notion of ‘adequate yearly progress† which afterwards become the key player of liability in No Child Left Behind. However, the 1994 re-sanction started the process of devising standards and tests in most of the states. (The Politics of No Child Left Behind) The federal government anticipates more liability from state education systems and the assurance that no child will be left behind. States are to enhance the student testing, collect and disseminate subgroup consequences assuring a highly skilled teacher in every classroom and assuring that all students irrespective of their socio-economic conditions attain a proficient level of education by the 2014-2015 academic years. No Child Left Behind Act of 2001) NCLB thus reinforces the federal pressure on all states to pursue a standards-based reform agenda. This incorporates a high academic standard for all students; extra supplementation to assist the students and schools to cater to such standards; enhanced suppleness for local schools in order for them to do so; and greater liability for the consequences especially calculated by the activities of the students on standardized assessments.

Character Analysis: The Nun Of Monza

Lacuna's arrival to the convent, Gertrude appears and her life story takes up the following two chapters of the novel. Gertrude grew up at a time when a woman had two choices in life: the first was to find a spouse and have children while the other option was to become a nun. As a child, Gertrude had no desire to become a nun, but rather dreamt of the day when she could finally fall in love. Gertrude father indirectly forced his daughter into becoming a nun by giving her dolls dressed as nuns, sending her to Sunday school, and having her read the bible.The brain washed child grew up to having no choice but to move to a convent and take on the life long commitment of becoming a nun. The ceremony in which Gertrude accepts her future being a life devoted to God, she ponders her decision for a moment with conflicting thoughts rushing through her mind. She debates with herself on whether this is the life she wants or if this is the life society wants. When the church asks her if Gertrude has chosen to devote her life to God because of her own desire she causes while looking at her father.After another inner battle with her emotions, Gertrude finally vows to become a nun. Later on in Gertrude life, she goes to live in a convent located in an Italian town called â€Å"Amazon†, thus taking on the name â€Å"The Nun of Amazon†. Here she spends her days praying during the day, but living a completely different life during the night. As time goes on she falls in love and develops a forbidden relationship with a man named Goodie whom she has a child with. In her daily fife at the Covent, Gertrude always shows signs of rebellion after having found love.One example of her rebellious attitude is portrayed by a loose strand of hair falling from her veil. The strand of hair is a symbol of Gesture's hate and disgust towards the church for having made her once free life a life filled with unhappiness and restrictions. The smiling child she once was becomes an angry and troubled soul after years of feeling like a prisoner of the church.

Muriels wedding.

Muriels wedding. Question: Choose a scene from your text and show through detailed analysis how the themes and characters are represented and shaped through cinematic techniques.Start of essay....English Formative 1 Media Study TaskThe text Muriel's wedding directed by P.J Hogan shows an exciting rollercoaster ride of Muriel's life. One scene that is the most evident that Muriel is trying to change the way she lives her life and how she is trying to get over her depression is the waterloo scene. This scene is expressing how Muriel is living her life (Old Out Of Date, Boring, Haphazard, Piece Of Work) At the start of the scene Muriel is nervous and un shore of what she is doing up there. Then she gets the hang of it. Then she started to enjoy it. This is a replay of the hole text. At the start of the text she is all depressed and connately listens to ABBA ( her life is not as good as a song.The song is better then her life. She believes that she is nothing. She got kicked out of her little group. So s he decided too follow them to the islands. Where she met up with a friend from high school Ronda. Then Ronda decide to enter the contest and Muriel decided to dance to the ABBA Song. This is her high point of her life.In the Waterloo scene Rhonda Muriel appear to be trying to dance too be sexy. There performance was a crowd pleaser this is represented by all the men that we supposed to be with Tania and co. are standing up cheering on Ronda and Muriel. There cloths are tight and reveling for that age. They are trying to cause an disruption. This part of this scene makes...

Find In Requirement Example

Find In Requirement Example Find In Requirement – Article Example Commanding Heights: The Battle of the World Economy In episode three (The New Rules of the Game) of the documentary ‘Commanding Heights’, globalization emerges as the central force re-writing the new rules of the global economy. Scholars differ on the definition of the term; however, from a general perspective globalization refers to international integration or interdependence between nations around the globe via mutual trade, knowledge and cultural exchange. Globalization continues to transform the globe both on positive and negative fronts; hence, the differences in opinion between those for and against its role in transforming the global economy.Proponents are of the opinion that globalization paved way for neoliberalism, which lobbies for privatization, deregulation aimed at encouraging free trade between nations across the globe. Exponential growth in the global economy remains a positive highlight of globalization. Moreover, other sectors benefit from this phenome non such as the labor rights movement; whereby, benefits aimed at improving the lives of workers have been made. North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was the prototype opening up global trade between U.S.A, Canada and Mexico.Conversely, those against argue that the increase in global terrorism is a product of globalization. The September 11 attack on U.S.A tore at people’s confidence in globalization casting doubt on its role in influencing the global scene positively. Moreover, it is unclear whether the neoliberal ideology, a by-product of globalization further impedes the freedom of other nations by propagating cultural and economic imperialism. Developed nations, which have stronger economies, dominate the global market bulldozing their less privileged counterparts. Work CitedCommanding Heights: The Battle of the World Economy. Dir. PBS. 2002. Web.

Using current and historical examples discuss the interrelations Essay

Using current and historical examples discuss the interrelations existing between global capitalist dynamics, international variations of work and workers agency - Essay Example The incoming research will investigate the existence of global capitalist dynamics, international variations of work and workers agency. The research will prove that global capitalist dynamics have encouraged the transformation of the work and workers agency making it professional. There has been a pressing debate on the importance thresholds of workers, and workers agency in most organizations. Research has established that workers supply variable units of labour time while facing in every period of liquidity constraints. On the other hand, capitalists or owners of the firm do not work for the same model. However, significant amount of debate is centred on the competition part off the job. That is, who receives the job first, how he receives and when does he or she receive the job. While on one side diversity plays a crucial role in bridging the work diversity, it is clear that there are still other competitions in place. Similarly, there is a multitude of theories and research on how capitalists globalization works, who wins and how he wins and who loses as it conquers the globe and transform communities, regions and cities that countries and culture, however there is relatively little theory and research on globalization as a generic phenomenon thought about and even on occasion practiced outside its historical container of globalizing capitalism (Martin, 2010: 604). For that reason, the approach of capitalist globalization is based on the concept of transnational practices, practices that cross boundaries but do not originate with state institutions, actors, and agencies. Doogan (2009, p. 113) believes choice offers as it were the tools with which to construct a series of working hypothesis for keenly contested disagreements between globalization theorists and their opponents. Based on the above, there is a need to focus on debates on whether to what extent does capitalism prevails as a central issue

Instruction and target andience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Instruction and target andience - Essay Example e the existing instructions and borrow a few ideas from that or aim to make more improvements in order to make the new instructions effective and more likely to be understood by the target audience. If the instructions are for the children for example, they have to be written in larger font size and made very legible, the language used must be very simple to understand, the steps in the instructions very few like five at most to avoid them forgetting as well as use different colors to write the instructions in order to keep them interested. The instructions can even contain graphics in order to be remembered easily. Still targeting the children as the audience, it must be remembered that headings of the instructions are very important and should be written in bold letters as â€Å"Headings not only help chunk information into easily digestible parts but also guide readers through a page and signal the relative importance of topics (Terryberry